Aerospace Blog

Recently, NASA's LCROSS probe discovered beds of water - ice on the Moon - and in mass quantities. This finding occurred on the lunar South Pole in a crater called Cabeus. When the debris from the impact of the LCROSS probe was analyzed, the signature of water was seen in both infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopic measurements. Based on these measurements, it is estimated that there was approximately 100-kg of water in the immediate view of NASA's instruments.

The LCROSS discovery has led most scientists to believe that there must be more water nearby. It is hypothesized that this water is probably left over from ancient comets that hit the Moon billions of years ago. When melted, it could be used to create rocket fuel - or for astronauts to drink. The discovery of lunar water could save millions for NASA, considering that putting a pound of payload on the Moon costs between $50,000 and $100,000.

Confirming Suspicions

Based on detections from previous lunar missions, scientists have long suspected that permanently-shadowed craters at the South Pole of the Moon could contain frozen water. Water was detected on the Moon by a previous probe, but it was in very small amounts and bound to the dirt and dust on the lunar surface. During the investigation, water wasn't the only compound found in the debris, but the identity of the other compounds has yet to be determined.

These findings indicate that the Moon's poles may contain more data on both lunar history and solar system history, because these permanently-shadowed areas are extremely cold and trap things that encounter them. The recent LCROSS finding could be ice that has been on the Moon for billions of years.

The Augustine Report and Beyond

Last month's Augustine Report on the future of space travel, commissioned by NASA, states that unless there is outside funding, President George W. Bush's plan of sending astronauts to the Moon by 2020 and creating a Moon base, and then onto Mars, will not happen. Very soon, President Barack Obama is expected to make a historic decision that will affect the space program for decades to come. The LCROSS finding will certainly put pressure on him when it comes to that decision. If continuing to explore space is worth the expense, there may be more out there than we expect.

Yesterday, NASA launched the Space Shuttle Atlantis from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The shuttle's mission (STS-129) is to deliver 27,250 lbs. of spare parts to the International Space Station (ISS), and will last 11 days and include 3 spacewalks.

Atlantis astronauts will also install two platforms along the backbone or truss of the ISS. These platforms are designed to hold the spare parts needed to maintain space station operations after the retirement of NASA's entire space shuttle fleet in September 2010. There are only five more shuttle launches remaining.

Engineers Onboard

STS-129 is commanded by Charles Hobaugh and piloted by Barry Wilmore. Raised in Ohio, Colonel Hobaugh is a Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, where he received a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1984. Barry "Butch" Wilmore, a former Navy test pilot who is making his first mission into space, holds both a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Tennessee Technological University (TTU). Captain Wilmore also earned an M.S. in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee.

Mission astronauts include Robert Satcher, Jr., Mike Foreman, Randy Bresnik, and Leland Melvin. STS-129 will also return crew member Nicole Stott to Earth, making the mission the final space shuttle crew rotation flight. A native of Albany, New York, Stott began her career as a structural design engineer with Pratt & Whitney Government Engines in West Palm Beach, Florida. She is a graduate of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and the recipient of a M.S. in Engineering Management from the University of Central Florida.

More Images

Thanks to Joby Minor, a photographer who currently works for NASA in Huntsville, Alabama, CR4 has permission to bring you more images of the Space Shuttle Atlantis in Cape Canaveral, Florida. (All photos courtesy of Joby Minor – copyright 2009).

Would you like to see more images of Atlantis? Then click here to visit the complete album on CR4_News, our Facebook page.

Note: You don't have to belong to Facebook to view these extraordinary photographs. But if you are a member, we invite you to become a fan of CR4_News there. Just click the "Become a Fan" link. It's that simple.

Resources:

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/hobaugh.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_P._Stott

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/hobaugh.html

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-11/17/content_12471243.htm

I just read an article in R&D (Research and Development) Magazine's newsletter, announcing new coatings which could make an enormous difference in aviation. The study looked into nano-particle sizes vs. icing when supercooled water hit a surface. Testing included an aluminum plate with the coating on one face (and hanging on a string to permit it to turn freely), and a TV satellite dish with half of its face coated, both left outdoors during a freezing rainstorm. The coated portions are ice-free, while the untreated ones are covered – a spectacular difference.

Click here for the short version. The article itself was published yesterday (Tuesday November 3), and is already available on line. It appears that leading edges could be painted with this coating, and a huge safety improvement would result. This is far from a commercial product, but the results are so spectacular that I expect to see intensive development.

Editor's Note: CR4 would like to thank Ron Darner for sharing this story. A longtime CR4er, Ron is also the newsletter editor for Chapter 320 (Watertown, Wisconsin) of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA). If you'd like to subscribe to Ron's newsletter, click here to send him a private message on CR4.

This morning, NASA engineers celebrated the launch of the Ares I-X test rocket from Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The first flight test for NASA's Constellation program lasted only six minutes, but marked "a huge step forward for NASA's exploration goals," exclaimed Doug Cooke, association administrator for the space agency's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate.

Wednesday's 11:30 AM (EDT) launch came a day after bad weather forced NASA to scrub a Tuesday morning liftoff. As the 327-ft. tall Ares I-X rocket blasted off into the Florida sky, observers such as CR4's own Anonymous Hero captured images of the event. According to the NASA website, the Ares I-X test vehicle produced 2.6 million pounds of thrust to propel the rocket to nearly 3 g's and Mach 4.76 – just shy of hypersonic speed.

After the separation of its first-stage, the Ares I-X rocket capped its easterly flight at a suborbital altitude of 150,000 feet. Parachutes were deployed so that NASA can recover both the booster and a shuttle-reusable solid rocket motor. The first stage of Ares-IX also included a simulated component with active avionics. Also aboard Ares were an upper stage simulator and a Orion crew module / launch abort system simulator.

According to NASA, the purposes of the Ares test flight were to demonstrate and collect data regarding roll and vehicle control; staging and separation; vehicle integration, assembly, and launch operations; aerodynamic, thermal, and vehicle loads, and first-stage reentry dynamics for recovery.

More Images

Thanks to Joby Minor, a photographer who currently works for NASA in Huntsville, Alabama, CR4 has permission to bring you the above images from the Ares I-X rocket in Cape Canaveral, Florida. (All photos courtesy of Joby Minor – copyright 2009).

Would you like to see more images of the Ares I-X? Then click here to visit the complete album on CR4_News, our Facebook page.

Note: You don't have to belong to Facebook to view these extraordinary photographs. But if you are a member, we invite you to become a fan of CR4_News there. Just click the "Become a Fan" link. It's that simple.

Additional Reading:

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/flighttests/aresIx/index.html

http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/271630main_aresIx_flyer_090408.pdf

http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/396682main_Ares_I-X-pk.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_program

Ready to fly away from your cubicle yet? Ron Darner, a longtime CR4er who serves as the newsletter editor for Chapter 320 (Watertown, Wisconsin) of the Experimental Aircraft Organization (EAA), is ready to take us another virtual aerospace tour. So fasten your seatbelts, folks. This time, we're flying with warplanes.

Code One

Here's a link that will occupy hours of your time, if you let it. Lockheed-Martin has a (usually) quarterly publication called Code One: An Airpower Magazine. The link I was sent (click here) connects to a Special Cockpit Edition from January of 2007. The page displays thumbnail images of 28 aircraft, ranging from the MB-2 to the F-35 Lightning II.

To view an aircraft's cockpit, just click the thumbnail image of the plane. The new page that displays includes a pilot's-eye view of the cockpit, either in color or black-and-white. There's also a brief description of the aircraft, as well as details such as the manufacturer, type, number build, first flight, and in-service dates.

For example, if you're unfamiliar with the MB-2, you can learn that this open-cockpit airplane was "the first US-designed bomber to be produced in quantity". Built originally by Martin but also license-build by three other companies, the MB-2 featured a "large control wheel (that) was the result of the completely manual, unboosted cable and pushrod control systems of the era".

The Special Cockpit Edition of Code One is the magazine's first-quarter publication from 2007. The website also has archived editions going back to Volume 1, Number 1 (January 1986). Only a few articles are available on-line, however, although the table of contents is shown. In later editions, more or all of the magazine's content is accessible. Not every article involves Lockheed-Martin aircraft, either. For example, the April 1993 edition details the MIG-29 Fulcrum and even has an article about the MIG's designer!

Editor's Note: CR4 would like to thank Ron Darner for sharing this story. If you'd like to subscribe to Ron's newsletter, click here to send him a private message on CR4.