The crocuses in my yard began popping up at the end of
February. By early March, they were
blooming, over a month earlier than usual.
I worried that a snowfall would harm them but the lone snowstorm we had
at the end of February quickly melted.
Now some of my other spring bulbs are popping up. They do not typically
appear until April.
How do a mild winter and early spring affect animals and
plants? Most people I know are enjoying
and taking advantage of temperatures between 50-70ºF. It's usually about 20-40ºF colder at
this time. While humans may love a break from the harsh winters of the
northeastern U.S., the warmth may not be a good thing for some species.
Insects
Some insects benefit from a mild winter while others suffer.
The Asian ladybug is beneficial to gardeners because it feeds on aphids. They
emerge from hibernation early when the weather is warm and if there are no
aphids to feed on, they starve.
A species of butterfly called Mormon fritillary are
suffering from a lack of food. Early
snow melts in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are killing wildflowers. The flowers bud early in warmer temperatures
and then are killed by snow melt or fall. The butterflies are left without a
food source when the nectar is gone. This in turn causes the butterflies to lay
fewer eggs. If the cycle repeats every year, species decline.
Animals
Some animals will emerge from hibernation with
higher-than-usual fat stores. This can lead to increased reproduction and a
larger population. In cases of so-called nuisance animals, like raccoons and
groundhogs, this is not necessarily a good thing.
Bird migration can happen earlier with an early spring. This
can hurt birds over the long term. If birds arrive at breeding grounds too
early, they risk trying to survive in winter conditions. Death and decreased
egg production are two potential consequences. They can also struggle to find food sources as
they move up to coast, for example.
Plants
- Maple trees that bloom early produce less sap.
This leads to less and lower quality maple syrup.
- Apple trees have a shorter growing season and
produce a smaller harvest when winters are mild. Buds can be damaged if there
is a cold snap in the midst of an early spring.
- Plants may bloom and fade before insects are
ready to pollinate them.
- Trees that bud early will have a longer pollen
season. (Those who suffer from allergies
to trees and weeds will in turn experience a longer sneezing season.)
- Growing zones are changing across the country.
These affect when plants should be started outdoors and which plants can be
planted.
This blog entry lists only a few of the species affected by
an early spring. If spring has already sprung where you live, please share some
of the unusual things you've noticed this year.
Resources
Ellwood
City Ledger - Warm weather brings out better moods, but more bugs
Live
Science: Spring Shows Earlier and Earlier for Many Plants, Animals
NPR:
Can an early spring confuse nature's clock?
Our
Amazing Planet: Early Spring is Bad News for Butterflies
The
Province: Video: How early spring affects allergies
ScienceDaily:
Climate Change, Increasing Temperatures Alter Bird Migration Patterns
Yahoo!
Voices: Mild Winter and Early Spring May Have Consequences
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