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Kate's Controversies is a place for conversation and discussion about controversies in science, technology, engineering, and many other topics. Kate, the blog's owner, will use this blog to publicly ask "WHY?" to controversial topics that catch her eye.


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79 comments

Why Are Americans So Fat?

Posted August 30, 2007 10:24 AM by Sharkles

Fried latte anyone? Believe it or not, the fried latte was just one of several gut-busting submissions at this year's Big Tex Choice Awards at the Texas State Fair. In fact, all seven submissions were fried. Fried lattes, fried chili-pie, and a variety of fried deserts were some of the other menu items. Michael Levy, creator of the fried latte, claims to have gained ten pounds while trying to perfect his product.

These types of foods are contributing to the growing obesity epidemic in the United States. According to a 2003-2004 survey by the US Department of Health and Human Services, obesity has increased from 15% in the 1970's to 33% at the time of the survey. These same surveys also revealed dramatic increases in obesity among children and teenagers. The CDC defines being overweight as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9, and being obese as having a BMI of 30 or higher.

What's causing this increase in American overweight and obesity rates? There are many possible reasons. Explanations include genetics, age, lifestyle, wealth, and stress. Although these factors contribute to increase in the American waistline, there is another "hidden" cause.

In our age of quick-and-easy convenience, many Americans don't think to take the time to understand what they're consuming. Today, many products on the market today contain a number of food additives, such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). HFCS refers to a corn syrup that undergoes enzymatic processing to increase its fructose content. After the processing, the mixture is combined with pure corn syrup (100% glucose). HFCS is a popular food additive because it provides the same sweetness as table sugar (sucrose) but at a lower cost.

HFCS gained popularity as a sugar substitute when sugar prices climbed in 1982. As the same time prices began to climb, so did the weight of many Americans. Because fructose is metabolized by the liver, the pancreas is not prompted to release insulin as does normally. The digestion of fructose is also very slow, which is why it is able to convert into fat more than any other sugar.

In 2001, the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimated that 147 lbs of HFCS are consumed per person per year. This astounding amount of sugar consumption can lead to numerous health problems, including insulin resistance, copper deficiency in bone fragility, anemia, high levels of insulin, high cholesterol levels, heart attacks, and more. These medical effects worsen when the body carries excessive weight.

Here's what I want to know:

  • If the U.S. government is really concerned about the obesity epidemic, then why does it allow food processors to use such high doses of HFCS?
  • What other options besides HFCS and sugar exist?
  • Is HFCS really the "bad guy" that it's made out to be?
  • Why isn't there more information about foods without HFCS?


Are you sure you still want that fried latte?


Resources:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Its_a_Mad_Mad_World_/Fried_foods_rule_Texas_fair_contest/articleshow/2316406.cms\
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/index.htm
http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/
http://materials.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Materials_Chemicals_Adhesives/Chemicals_Raw_Materials/Food_Additives?SrchItem=3&frmqry=food%20additive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_fructose_corn_syrup#Sweetener_consumption_pattern
http://www.westonaprice.org/modernfood/highfructose.html
http://www.hfcsfacts.com/PerCapitaConsumption.html
http://www.menstuff.org/issues/byissue/highfructose.html

http://www.highfructosehigh.com/nohfcs.htm


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#1

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

08/30/2007 10:57 AM

Great story, Sharkles. The mass media has worked itself into a frenzy over the latest Trust for America report, but it's hard to find information about the science behind obesity. Your discussion about HFCS is a step in the right direction.

Two points for discussion.

1. The BMI index is somewhat suspect, especially among people who have relatively high levels of muscle mass.

2. The difference between "overweight" and "obese" seems pretty thin (pardon the pun) when you consider that a BMI of 29.9 means that you're "overweight" while a BMI of 30.0 means that you're "obese". I'd be interested to know how many people fall into, say, a 28 - 32 BMI range.

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#36
In reply to #1

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/06/2007 10:27 PM

I'd like to expand (sorry, I just can't help it !) on your first point. The 'usefulness' of BMI has received increasing attention in the UK. For the reason you give, BMI is not accepted by all as a good measure of obesity. Going back to the simple expedient of waist measurement is being promoting by many. Although calculating BMI is something that most people in CR4 could do in their heads, it seems (to me) unreasonable to expect this of pre-teens (and probably quite a few more). Apart from the scientific basis for changing the usual obesity measurement, simplifying how it's done can only be for the good IMHO. ie height vs waist.

I don't know how social etiquette works in the USA, but describing somebody as fat or talking of waist measurement has become something of a taboo in the UK. This does zero to help those with weight issues. I don't advocate a name-calling culture, but hiding the self-evident truth (with new phrase and formula) does nobody any service. Western culture seems to have shifted because there are so many obese people that we no longer dare confront the matter with what may seem blunt words. The reasons why people become overweight are deeply complex (leaving aside the 'energy in- energy out' explanation), but they are all symptomatic of our society in general. There are exceptions, such as individuals who have medical conditions which leave the bodies 'I'm full' switch inoperative, and non-Western cultures where being fat is regarded as 'good' (let's not forget all those Rubinesc neolithic fertility sculptures), but these are the minority. Obesity has always been an issue for Western cultures, but never before on the scale we have now. To compound the problem, people shovel in more chemical additives than ever before and the long term effect are not known. Those with weight problems need a straight-forward measure of 'am I fat'. Next they need the information and support to change that. Effort should be directed to those in School because, more likely than not, their condition is a result of parenting and they are amenable to learn. With caring support they can change their lifestyle choices. It's a sad fact that adults often don't. Each year, UK Schools seem to reduce the number of hours devoted to PE lessons - my sons School know my opinion of that, and luckily I can arrange plenty of extra curricular stuff. A lot of parents aren't in that position.

It would be great to read of anybody who has experience of so called 'fat camps' for children. Any intervention that helps youngsters ( with something so fundamental as health) sound like money well spent to me. There's no point leaving School for a glorious career if you're destined for an early fat-related death.

My 2-cents here is just because it was a place to slot it in with a margin of relevance moose. I'll say 'Sorry' now in case I've upset anybody with my slightly harsh sounding opinions.

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#37
In reply to #36

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/07/2007 1:35 AM

Dang! You have been away too long! What did those Scots do, teach you civility? How very unbecoming!

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#39
In reply to #37

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/07/2007 5:17 AM

... I was only there on missionary work, it takes a while to get back into gear.

Insults are available at the PM box, $10 per sentance. If you get a haircut and an ID badge I may indulge you. *^!*.

40 cents is now marked on your account. Run round the block, and I may give a discount.

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#43
In reply to #39

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/08/2007 1:46 AM

I AM my own ID badge!

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#45
In reply to #43

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/08/2007 2:36 AM

Oh yeah ?

He he. I know you can slither through the bars. vermins should be free, free to slither around the multiverse...

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#46
In reply to #45

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/08/2007 3:02 AM

You mean like this?

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#47
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/08/2007 3:47 AM

LOL. vermin in..vermin out.. vermin in..vermin out...

I couldn't keep the vermin bounce without more work either. No matter, I know you is bouncing anyway. That reminds me, Old Nick may be due for an outing again soon. Cast your vote quick - Spring heeled Jack or the dude at the desk ?

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#48
In reply to #47

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/09/2007 12:59 AM

I gotta say you, more than others, seem to be affected by your avatar. I don't know whether you've ever seen a Cannon Ball movie, but if you have, you'll know what I mean by Dom DeLuise saying "HIM!"

It all depends on the day... Do you want semi chaotic super-hero or are you feeling more like sarcastic crime lord ("Dinsdale?!").

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#51
In reply to #48

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/09/2007 4:25 AM

I'll put me cape on later today. Maybe treat myself to a new quote line as well.....

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#38
In reply to #36

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/07/2007 3:52 AM

Well, here's another useful index. Nice and simple to remember.

Take the individual's height and divide it by the waist measurement. If the answer is less than 2, do something about it.

So there.

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#40
In reply to #38

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/07/2007 5:38 AM

I'm feeling generous. For an adult, waist > 40 " means 'loose some weight", for a minor you shouldn't spend too much time pre-ocupied with body image*.

* Serious footnote - Any minor with concerns about weight issues should seek informed advice from family and medical/dietry experts. Much as I like to joke about, the internet is the last place a minor should seek advice - there are just too many 'strange' web sites about. You wouldn't follow DIY heart-operation instruction on the web, so don't do it with other health issues.

< normal Kris frivolity is now restored>

PWSlack ; Only eat 3 kebabs on the way home next Friday, and always ask for extra chilli's. Your nearest and dearest won't thank you, but Andrex will. Yes, a puppy is so soft and absorbant.

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#41
In reply to #40

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/07/2007 6:02 AM

PWSlacks do not eat that sort of stuff. Yeeeeeuuuuugh!

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#42
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/07/2007 6:18 AM

Aww, but puppies are cute. My mate has one called Vinegar Tom.

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#44
In reply to #38

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/08/2007 1:47 AM

I was thinking more of inseam versus waist!

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#55
In reply to #1

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/18/2007 1:14 PM

Moose,

Americans are fat everywhere: Americans are self indulgent. That's a nice way of saying we're gluttons - for everything. Our homes are big, our cars are big, our hobbies are big. Our meals are big and hence our waist lines are big.

America needs a shrink, Moose. We are a very sick people.

bobguz

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#56
In reply to #55

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/18/2007 2:50 PM

I don't disagree with you Guest, but moose addressed the issue in a thoughtful and considered way - you could have posted to the original question. Just sayin'.

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#57
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/19/2007 12:33 AM

We're the land of the gallon bucket of Ben & Jerry's. We're the land of the 11 piece bucket of fried chicken. We're the land where fast food companies print their bags and boxes with pictures of healthy, athletic people. We are the land where the bad stuff is twenty times cheaper than the good stuff. And we're the land of when both parents have worked all day and are too tired to prepare the good stuff, they settle for the bad stuff "just this once."

I saw a talk show where three morbidly obese women had undergone radical forms of surgery to lose weight, and all were as obese as ever. A fourth woman came on the show. While she was a bit over weight, she was definitely in control of her eating and activity level.

So what was the difference between these women? For one thing, the slightly over weight lady had accepted herself and felt comfortable in her own skin. On the other hand, from the beginning of the show, there was an odd look in the eyes of the obese women that hinted there was something not alright! It was vivid and obvious.

If one is having emotional problems, the cheapest, most readily available, and most legal drug one can get to feel better is FOOD!!!

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#58
In reply to #57

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/19/2007 12:54 AM

Nice one vermin !

Also, food has the virtue that it's not 'dirty' like drugs or alcohol. Curling up with a nice bar of chocolate, treating the kids to a nice family meal at the Golden arches. It's all good wholesome, normal behaviour.Not. Not if you do it 7 days a week. Selling fat is big money, taking it off you is also big money. Brokers make a cut when it all moves up and down. Even the doctor makes a cut when he slices a fat person knowing it probably won't work in the long term. If you can't afford the latest must have possession, somebody will offer to console you with a slab of disguised lard. Marx was wrong when he said religion is the opium of the people. Cable TV and lard is.

Having had my little rant, obese people should not be castigated. They are victims of 21st Century culture, and a carrot (no joke intended) may work better than a stick.

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#59
In reply to #58

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/19/2007 1:16 AM

I tend to agree with you. I will admit that I just don't like exercising!!! However, while a little on the heavy side, I have not crossed that border into obesity, because I never managed to connect food with comfort/love/whatever. While I'm not a big eater, I'm also not a big physical fitness nut. So, the more I think about this issue, it seems as though those people that uses food as a drug are totally screwed! I do know that the mental model of food is taught to your offspring. It's obvious when the fat man and women walk by with the fat kids in tow.

To fix this is almost as hard as winning in Iraq! People with the food addition have to say "I don't want this anymore!!!" And that's the last thing you'll ever hear an addict say... Their entire way of life is based around this one unmovable pillar. It's their physic anchor in the world. How many do you think are going to let go of that pillar and jump into free fall?

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#60
In reply to #59

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/19/2007 2:43 AM

As ever vermin, I find myself in agreement. There is something about our culture that nurtures and encourages obesity. The UK government has recently introduced many measure to dissuade people from smoking. Attempts to tackle obesity have been half-hearted in comparison. I view this as politically motivated. Telling a large percent of the electorate that they are 'fat' will not win votes, and the very use of such words is almost a social taboo now. Whatever strategy they are using (if any at all) is clearly not working. The words of description are irrelevant - any word can be corrupted as an insult, the main issue is that people are not understanding or being able to get out of the trap that is ' Obesity'. This should trouble us all, since we're all affected one way or another, whether it's being squashed on public transport, paying higher medical premiums or just plain caring about fellow citizens health. Many ( if not most) hospital admissions arise from life style 'choice' so the matter of obesity should be addressed with the same consideration as any other medical related issue. I don't have a weight problem, but have an inclination to think 'don't eat so much and exercise more' when I see somebody overweight, but this clearly does not work. My observation is that obesity is more prevalent in the economically deprived - perhaps a greater degree of social equality/mobility might help (?).

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#63
In reply to #60

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/20/2007 5:52 PM

This just in... It has been discovered that part of the Patriot Act requires all citizens living in the United States to be accelerated toward the speed of light. So far, we are currently cruising at about .75 c.

Of course, as a result of the laws of Relativity, we all have become much heavier. So, if we look fat to you it's just because we're going a lot faster, and it's not our fault!!!

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#64
In reply to #63

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 12:59 AM

Are you saying us Brits are slow ? I thought you had the 'right to bear arms', not to walk around with hulking big furry 50 lb ones on either side of the torso.

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#65
In reply to #64

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 1:06 AM

We also have the right to arm bears, so watch it!!!

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#66
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 1:35 AM

Warn Yogi that we will deploy Rupert.

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#67
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 2:02 AM

This looks more like Chuky's Devil doll teddy bear than anything suitable for children!!! Do swirling knives come out of him?!

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#68
In reply to #66

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 2:11 AM

Doesn't THIS just about say it all?

Good food? NOT!!!

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#69
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 2:37 AM

What are all those eating contests about ? Recently I read about a hot-dog eating contest. Some guy took on a bear, scoffing a measley 50 in about 30 seconds compared to the bears nanosecond. An onlooker said " What did you expect, it's a f*****g bear ! ". As for all those fast food joints offering 'healthy options' and talking up their green credentials - Jeez.

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#70
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 2:46 AM

The really funny thing is that in the most "high visibility" eating contests, it's little, skinny Japanese guys that win. Not just by a small margin, either! They eat two or three times what the local fat-boys eat!!!

The Japanese seem to take things way to seriously - weird!

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#71
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/21/2007 3:02 AM

Yeah, I saw some teensy Japanes girl once on TV - World record holder or something. It's probably down to the not chewing/digesting and occasional nature of it with those stupid eating contests. Still insanely dangerous. A bit like ravers who die from drinking too much water.

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#61
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/19/2007 4:21 AM

Sugar is having similar effects in your brain as drugs.

You can really be addicted to it.

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#62
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Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

09/19/2007 5:32 AM

Yes, but the 'rush' is much quicker with vermin. I tried not to inhale, but well , one thing leads to another.

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#2

Re: Why Are Americans So Fat?

08/31/2007 12:36 AM

Definitely "Food for Thought". What about the possible use of no-cal sweetners; but perhaps the human body doesnt tolerate them in the massive quantities likely required for American food products. While there is no doubt that the sugars, etc used in the food industry add to the problem, the main question is why we eat so much.


The body does not require anywhere near the number of calories the average American typically consumes in order to function. I think one problem is that we use food as a 'pacifier' when we are stressed and make no mistake about it, the average American is stressed. Perhaps we need to reduce our stress levels. The striving for a better lifestyle (more toys, etc) results in longer working hour (to make more nancies) and attendent stresses.

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