Although the heating season is winding down here, it's just starting up on the other side of the globe. One way to reduce your heating costs is to build a vegetable oil heating system. The key to burning oil is to atomize it into a fine mist, mix it with air, and ignite it. With home heating oil, this is done by pressurizing the oil to about 100psi and spraying it through a nozzle with a small hole. Vegetable oil is more viscous and is harder to atomize. One way to make it easier is to heat the oil, which makes it thinner.
It is possible to simply heat the oil and increase the pressure, and it will atomize and burn. From others experiences, they have found that it doesn't burn great. With other changes, there are better ways to atomize the oil and get a more complete and reliable burn. There are two other methods that I know of both require pressurized air. The first flows a thin sheet of oil over a small hole, which air comes out of and the oil is atomized like the mist of water over a whale's blow hole. The second method uses a nozzle called a siphon nozzle, and utilizes the venturi effect to atomize the oil. Siphon nozzles are available from both Hago and Delavan, two big oil nozzle manufactures. Knowing that this approach is used on commercial waste oil burners, this is the method that I've chosen to focus on.
Over a year ago, I posted my first post about this project; well, now it's time for improvements. Most of my improvements dealt with safety and reliability, since my first run was meant to be more of a prototype. Now that I have had many hours of monitored running time, I have refined the design. I had a few problems with my first design, one was the air supply, one with the spark adjustment, and one with the oil supply. The oil supply was by far the most important, and the one most needing improvement. My rebuild addressed all of the issues above.
The Setup
Before the details of how to do all this, I want to give you a summary of how this setup is supposed to work. My waste oil burner consists of seven main parts: the oil pump, the air pump, the heater block and nozzle, the retention head and blower, and the spark for ignition. The heater block and nozzle is what I consider the heart of the system, and everything else feeds this. The function of the heater block is to heat the oil and air before it goes into the nozzle. The rest of the system is to supply the block with oil and air at the correct volume and pressure. The spark ignites the atomized oil, and the blower and retention head mix the oil with the correct amount of combustion air. If all of this works as it should, then you get a nice stable flame that you can adjust via the oil flow. So at least now you have an idea of how this is supposed to work.
Be sure to come back next week for Part 2 and find out how I upgrading my system. For now you can refer back to my previous setup to see how my old setup along with other designs work.
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