On this day in engineering history, the USS Scorpion
(SSN-589) sank in 10,000 ft. of water some 400 miles southwest of the Azores, a
chain of Portuguese islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
According to the U.S. Navy (USN), the nuclear-powered, fast-attack submarine failed
because of a malfunctioning torpedo while headed to its home port of Norfolk,
Virginia. According
to hundreds of documents and numerous interviews with former and current
military personnel, however, the USS Scorpion sank during a top-secret mission to
the Canary Islands, where a suspicious group
of Soviet ships had assembled. As Captain W.N. "Buck" Dietzer told the Seattle
Post Intelligencer in 1998, "I was salivating in the (Pentagon) corridors to
find out what they (the Soviets) were doing."
Speculations and Spies
Captain Buck's superior, Vice Admiral Philip Beshany, also
shared his recollections with the Seattle
newspaper. "There was some communications analysis," the former director
of anti-submarine warfare explained, "that the USS Scorpion had been detected
by the group she had been shadowing." Although Bershany admitted that "there were
some speculations" within the Pentagon that the Soviets sank the Scorpion, the retired
Vice Admiral did not contradict a Naval Court of Inquiry's conclusion that "enemy action" was "improbable". What the USN didn't know in
1968, however, was that a spy named John Walker had given his Soviet handlers
the codes they needed to track the U.S. submarine in the hours before
it sank.
Three Scenarios
In its 1,354-page report, the USN's Court of Inquiry examined
three scenarios which could explain the sinking of the USS Scorpion (SSN-589). First,
the Court examined assertions that an explosion within the submarine or some
other unspecified mechanical problem sent the 10-year old vessel to a watery
grave. After rejecting these two arguments, the Court concluded that the Scorpion probably sank because of the accidental activation of a
battery-powered, acoustic-homing, Mark 37 torpedo. Designed by Westinghouse during
World War II, the Mark 37 was ejected from its launch tube via electric
propulsion, and guided by a gyroscope during the initial part of its
trajectory. According to the U.S. Navy, the errant torpedo somehow became fully armed
and engaged its nearest target: the USS Scorpion itself.
Ninety-nine submariners lost their lives aboard the USS
Scorpion (SSN-589).
Resources:
http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/awards/scorpion/scorpion1.html
http://www.submarinehistory.com/Scorpion.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_37_torpedo
http://www.txoilgas.com/589.html
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