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May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

Posted May 22, 2008 12:01 AM by Moose

On this day in engineering history, the USS Scorpion (SSN-589) sank in 10,000 ft. of water some 400 miles southwest of the Azores, a chain of Portuguese islands in the Atlantic Ocean. According to the U.S. Navy (USN), the nuclear-powered, fast-attack submarine failed because of a malfunctioning torpedo while headed to its home port of Norfolk, Virginia. According to hundreds of documents and numerous interviews with former and current military personnel, however, the USS Scorpion sank during a top-secret mission to the Canary Islands, where a suspicious group of Soviet ships had assembled. As Captain W.N. "Buck" Dietzer told the Seattle Post Intelligencer in 1998, "I was salivating in the (Pentagon) corridors to find out what they (the Soviets) were doing."

Speculations and Spies

Captain Buck's superior, Vice Admiral Philip Beshany, also shared his recollections with the Seattle newspaper. "There was some communications analysis," the former director of anti-submarine warfare explained, "that the USS Scorpion had been detected by the group she had been shadowing." Although Bershany admitted that "there were some speculations" within the Pentagon that the Soviets sank the Scorpion, the retired Vice Admiral did not contradict a Naval Court of Inquiry's conclusion that "enemy action" was "improbable". What the USN didn't know in 1968, however, was that a spy named John Walker had given his Soviet handlers the codes they needed to track the U.S. submarine in the hours before it sank.

Three Scenarios

In its 1,354-page report, the USN's Court of Inquiry examined three scenarios which could explain the sinking of the USS Scorpion (SSN-589). First, the Court examined assertions that an explosion within the submarine or some other unspecified mechanical problem sent the 10-year old vessel to a watery grave. After rejecting these two arguments, the Court concluded that the Scorpion probably sank because of the accidental activation of a battery-powered, acoustic-homing, Mark 37 torpedo. Designed by Westinghouse during World War II, the Mark 37 was ejected from its launch tube via electric propulsion, and guided by a gyroscope during the initial part of its trajectory. According to the U.S. Navy, the errant torpedo somehow became fully armed and engaged its nearest target: the USS Scorpion itself.

Ninety-nine submariners lost their lives aboard the USS Scorpion (SSN-589).

Resources:

http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/awards/scorpion/scorpion1.html

http://www.submarinehistory.com/Scorpion.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_37_torpedo

http://www.txoilgas.com/589.html


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#1

Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/22/2008 2:40 AM

Ask Buster Crabb what happened...

There's a lot of it about.

Del

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#8
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Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/25/2008 2:06 AM

The Cold War happened.

It was secret.

Don't tell anybody.

It's all secret.

Stop telling people secrets.

Stop it, Stop it. I beg you stop telling secrets!

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#2

Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/23/2008 3:58 AM

Hi,

the Soviet Navy had a torpedo that had an incredible speed around 10 times the speed of western torpedoes.

Maybe this was not available 1968 but a few years later?

This was super secret until the late days of Glasnost initiated by Gorbachev.

The principle was to have a rocket propulsion system and a flat plate on a bar that extended from the nose. The pressure distribution at the rim of this plate created a big bubble of "vacuum" = low pressure with water vapor mixed with air that was big enough for the whole torpedo to be inside this big bubble.

So in reality this was a rocket flying inside a big water vapor bubble.

There was nothing comparable on western navies.

20 years later they learned. Nothing available counter-weapon could stop this nor was detecting fats enough to see the reality.

There is no information that this torpedo was ever used.

RHABE

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#3
In reply to #2

Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/23/2008 8:21 AM

Thanks for the information, RHABE. I'll add that weapons system to my list of future research projects. Now, I just need to learn to read Russian!

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/23/2008 12:21 PM

Use the term supercavitation to find out more.

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#7
In reply to #2

Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/23/2008 8:21 PM
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#5

Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/23/2008 4:12 PM

I dunno, but the 1960's was a period of several submarine disasters. Is eem to remember there being a nuclear sub that went down on it's maiden voyage with a bunch of dignitaries on board. Never heard much in the media after the first reports, unlike today's media which would likely insisted on being aboard.

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Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/23/2008 4:19 PM

Look up the USS Thresher, SSN 593.

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#9

Re: May 22, 1968 - Cold War Mystery: The Sinking of the USS Scorpion

05/28/2008 9:17 AM

The theory I like best and makes the most sense is that the Mark 37 battery in one their electric torpedos caught fire as had happened previously. The plan of action when this happened was to cool the battery and put out the fire and if not successful, eject it from the boat. It was thought they were in the process of pulling it into the tube when the battery fire caused a low order detonation of the warhead. This wrecked the inner tube doors and blew off the tube's outer door, torpedo room access hatch and sprung the operations compartment bulkhead. Flooding was instananeous and the sub became nose heavy and headed for the bottom. From what I have read, was that the first mention of a torpedo problem in the room was misunderstood and the captain thought they had a hot running fish. The course of action for this event was to turn the boat 180 degrees and head for the surface to check for nearby shipping then if clear to shoot the torpedo. Turning the sub would prevent the warhead from being armed and detonating since it would arm itself after the torpedo had determined it had run the prescribed number of yards based on the number of screw rotations. When the captain finally understood that it was a battery fire and the ship was filling up with heat and smoke, the order was given to surface the boat to ventilate after the fire was extinguished. They were nearing the surface and had the periscope and antenna up when the torpedo blew. The torpedo room flooded and the boat took on a steep down angle. The engine room hatch was on the surface long enough for one man to escape whose body was found near the wreckage. 91 seconds after the detonation, the sub reaches crush depth.

Read Blind Man's Bluff by Sontag and Drew for a good read.

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