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From CBC | Technology & Science News:
A fungus responsible for the rapid deterioration of military clothing and canvas tents during the Second World War could significantly improve the production of biofuels, say U.S. scientists.
Once the bane of soldiers fighting in the South Pacific, Tricoderma reesei is a hungry fungus that quickly digests plant fibres into simple sugars.
In a paper published Monday in Nature Biotechnology, researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute say the fungus's genetic sequence gives important clues about how it breaks down plant fibres.
The finding could lead to processes that more efficiently and cost effectively convert corn, switchgrass and even cellulose-based municipal waste into ethanol. Ethanol from waste products can be a more carbon-neutral alternative to gasoline.
However, there is an ongoing global debate over fuel and food production. Groups like the Sierra Club of Canada point out that while more ethanol and less gasoline makes sense, it has to be the right kind of ethanol. The environmental group says it takes five hectares of cornfields to produce enough ethanol to run a car for a year. The same land could feed seven people for a year.
The Sierra Club of Canada has urged government to switch from relying on ethanol derived from corn and grains to ethanol produced from waste straw and wood chips. It argues that producing ethanol from those sources doesn't take farmland out of food production and achieves greater reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases.
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