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How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

Posted July 18, 2008 8:09 AM

In last month's Pump Technology newsletter, we ran a story about the Bakken Formation, a gigantic oil reserve under the wheat fields of North Dakota. The story noted that some estimates say the field contains 400 billion barrels of oil, nearly 10 times that of Saudi Arabia. One reader disagreed, noting that a recent USGS report says the formation holds only 3.65 billion barrels. Further research reveals much disagreement (Google "Bakken Formation" to see all the reports). Who do you believe? Why is there so much disagreement?

The preceding article is a "sneak peek" from Pump Technology, a newsletter from GlobalSpec. To stay up-to-date and informed on industry trends, products, and technologies, subscribe to Pump Technology today.


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#1

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/18/2008 11:56 PM

I am no geologist, but in the case of energy and oil reserves, there is a economic / political agenda to overcome to get the the 'truth'.

If there were credible statements saying "more than Saudi Arabia" or to the contrary, one has to consider what would be the economic / political impact to the US, and what is the impact on the world energy situation when currently the middle-east holds all the 'cards'.

Is it only 'smoke and mirrors' like the 'shale oil' stories? Is there really more oil than we would need in 'decades', all belonging to the USA? Are there any oil reserves at all? Watch for the developing stories, not just scientifically, but politically, as more is disclosed.

Only my humble opinion ... thanks for the post

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#2
In reply to #1

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 2:15 AM

Who really knows?but theres capped wells in many states.and off the southern coast.many well comment about the need for refinerys,its much easier to just expand current refinerys.i guess the permits part of the equation is killing us.a friend worked in the long beach harbor and an engineer there told him theres enough oil in the harbor to supply the usa for years if we could only get permission to pump it.John McCain has actually sounded preety good lately about his energy ideas,oboma dosent seem to have a clue,he keeps talking about future technology?i think were swimming in oil,north slope of alaska,anwar.just think of the savings if people who actually didnt need a pickup truck traded them in for a small car.nobody seems to want to talk about this easy way to lessen our demand for oil.im a trucker and its starting to put people out of buisness.

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#4
In reply to #2

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 2:54 AM

Friend, I tip my hat to you. If you're a trucker, I don't know how you survive these days.

Frankly, I think the oil companies have had us by the 'tenders' for years, but we (North Americans) have been 'fat and happy' and didn't really notice ... because we didn't care.

[I remember once being in a line at a self-service station to pay by bill, and one by one the lady behind the counter was warning folks, "you better fill up today, because they price is going up tomorrow". When it was my turn at the counter, she told me the same, and I asked her what she drove. She pointed to a big SUV outside, saying she drove 20 miles each way to work. I asked her why she didn't drive a smaller car? She just answered, " cause I like that one".]

I think we will never know the extent of how we are controlled by the oil companies and oil producers, but its getting to the point where LOTS of folks are really being hurt by the impossible prices. Not only because of their own transportation, but everything they buy. Plastics and many other products are petroleum-based, and many products are produced with oil as the energy source, and (as you well know) nothing gets to the stores unless a truck brings it. The cost of oil effects everything we do.

Hang in there, and thanks for your post.

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#5
In reply to #1

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 5:05 AM

The amount of oil and/or gas that has been generated in the Bakken Formation is dependent, in part, by the type of organic matter that is within the sediment, the level or degree of thermal maturity (heating) and the stratigraphic thickness of the formation. The amount of oil and/or gas that can be produced and/or recovered, is another matter.

Dr. Geoffery Bayliss, a world famous geochemist and owner of Geochem Laboratories, Inc. in Houston, Texas, can probably answer your question.

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#20
In reply to #5

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/23/2008 6:45 PM

Well they could use the same technolgy they used last time pump down liquid nitrogen

every thing freezes an breaks an you pump this up an separate the solids from the liquids an reuse the liq nitrogen for fertilizer or refine an reuse

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#3

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 2:51 AM

I am working in the Middle East. I can assure that the high oil prices are not a function of too little raw crude oil. The problem with high prices for refined product is a lack of refinery capacity. It is true that the increasing economic growth in China and India has added demand for refined products and when you couple that increased demand with the almost total absence of construction of refineries you get high fuel prices. It is unrealistic to expect the United States, the worlds largest comsumer, to reduce oil comsumption in a short period of time. The entire economy and life style of the US,read infrastructure, is built on the assumption of a never ending supply of cheap gasoline. In the Middle East and the developing world the population densities are much higher than in the US. This is not going to change anytime soon.

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#19
In reply to #3

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/23/2008 10:49 AM

I too have worked in the Middle East. More than just somewhere in Iraq, I covered the whole country. I was a Blackhawk pilot. I went on long flights that allowed me to have hour long conversations with people I couldn't get close to stateside. Crude oil is available true, and refining capacity is below product demand in the United States. This makes it look like a supply and demand issue that raises pump prices. After leaving the Army, I now have my chemical engineering degree and I am employed at a west coast refinery. I can tell you that "Big Oil" is making a killing right now. I can also tell you that it is not coming from refining. Profit margins are currently below average. There are refining companies that are losing money currently because they are not big enough to be diversified like the "Big Oil" companies. Crude comes out of the ground and gets sold for $120 per barrel. My refinery turns that into finished product and makes about $3 per barrel in profit. Upstream is a commodities market that obeys supply and demand, while refining tends to be more susceptable to contracts. For those companies that don't have upstream helping them out financially (Valero, Tesoro, etc.), they are getting charged insane dollars for their feed stock. My company has vast upstream assets, but we get no preferrence on pricing even on our own oil. If the company can make more by selling it to Cheveron, they will do that in a heart beat. So yes, we are short in refining capacity, but no it has very little to do with the pump price everyone is experiencing.

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#6

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 9:13 AM

As for the Bakken Formation, I am in no position to comment on how much is really there, but I can tell you that at the current price, we are developing new recovery technologies all the time and if it is there, it is recoverable at the current price.

People always talk about peak oil, but the truth is there is plenty of oil for hundreds of years, it is just not as easy to get to as the oil that has been previously pumped. Because engineers are ingenious: as long as there is demand for oil, we will find technologies and places to get it. The current oil price in my opinon is a function of several bad decisions and bad monetary policy...

1) Diesel is damned expensive because we mandated ULSD without making sure there was sufficient supply of ULSD to meet demand. There isn't. US refineries did the ULSD upgrades, but our foriegn importers did not. US refiners are making every drop of diesel they can. Mexico is now in a mad dash to do ULSD modifications at their refineries to help meet US demand. Diesel price would drop instantly if the ULSD requirment was put on holiday.

2) A few years ago congress outlawed MTBE instead of insisting that the stations with leaky fuel tanks fix their problem. As a result the fuel stock was instantly reduced, and corn ethanol has not kept up with the need. What does reducing supply do in the face of rising demand?

3) The real estate crash brought down the stock market, and without real estate or stocks to make a profit in, pension funds and other mutual funds moved into oil. As a result the price escalated.

4) The US dollar devaluation has contributed as well. It won't be long before oil is traded in Euros instead of dollars.

5) Not to mention a surge in world demand...

We saw similar market problems in the 70's. The price escalated, and supplies shrank. A few years later price crashed and oil was $10 a barrel. All the oil shale and coal gasification projects in the mountain states that were going great guns suddenly were closed. History has a way of repeating itself, and large tar sands and oil shale formations like Bakken may well be forgotten again.....

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#8
In reply to #6

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 8:43 PM

The reason MTBE was outlawed was because the stuff is so toxic that a pint of gasoline/mtbe spilled onto one's lawn would contaminate the groundwater/aquifer reservoirs below. It penetrates through all rock substrates until it meets water.

It has contaminated most groundwater reservoirs in the US. Leaking fuel tanks was just one source.....many more were small household spills.

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 9:01 PM

Well I disagree... banning MTBE has had two negative consequences, more air pollution, and higher gas prices.. MTBE is still extensively used in other parts of the world, and if properly handled should not be an issue. It does indeed like water, but you make it sound like spilling a tea cup of gasoline would contaminate all the water in a reservoir, not true.

In addition, all the other nasties in gasoline ought not be put in the ground either. My personal opinion is that banning MTBE was very bad politics...

http://www.epa.gov/mtbe/faq.htm

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#10
In reply to #9

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 11:40 PM

In a perfect world household spills and others would never have occured....quotes the EPA below....

"Contamination of drinking water sources can occur from leaking underground and above ground fuel storage tanks, pipelines, refueling spills, automobile accidents damaging the fuel tank, consumer disposal of "old" gasoline", emissions from older marine engines, and to a lesser degree, storm water runoff, and precipitation mixed with MTBE in the air"

My personal opinion is that allowing MTBE use was bad politics given the professional lobby was against it.

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#12
In reply to #10

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/20/2008 9:09 AM

If your definition of contamination is anything about 0 ppb then yes this meets the definition of contamination... Also note the liberal use of words like "can" and "could" and "may" though out the discussion at that site... MTBE has been in use for 20 odd years, and as I say is still in use in many places around the world.. but of course this is getting pretty off topic, so I will mark it as such.. I don't expect you will agree, but I am quite convinced that the reason that MTBE was outlawed was that politicians in corn states saw an opportunity to sell corn ethanol...

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#13
In reply to #12

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/20/2008 10:42 AM

20ppb seems to ring the alarm bells...................please don't misunderstand....mtbe was a good idea with a bad result. It's the idea that counts.

MTBE laden plumes were being hydrographically analyzed and the results were alarming...one eg is the Sate of California vs Arco (and no, I don't subscribe to the Erin Brockovich dog and pony show).

Corn state industrial production of ethanol fuels is a recent undertaking. MTBE contamination studies were conducted in the early to mid 90's using real geophysical models. Based on these models and the extent of groundwater contamination MTBE was considered to be a dangerous substance and its use halted.

Personally, I think ethanol mixed fuels are a panacea and the result of an administration trying to make political brownie points. The damage to an internal combustion engine from using ethanol will certainly give the automakers a kickstart(leaking seals and metallutgical incompatibility). In Germany ethanol is directly responsible for new cars to start leaking oil as any driveway oil stain is testimony to (it's driving the Germans nuts).

The real trick would be to go back to the drawing board and make the engine more fuel efficient. Gasoline is mostly naptha and making it to burn hotter is not that difficult ( a supercharger for eg). What is difficult is making the engines metallic structure capable of withstanding the extra heat.

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#14
In reply to #13

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/20/2008 12:37 PM

Ducky,

Actually when I worked for Ford in the early 90s they were touting a ceramic engine they were testing in Australia. It had solid graphite pistons and ran as a 2-stroke. The 'blurb' they sent out on it said that the engine got so hot you could see the pistons moving. I never heard more about it but I retired in 93' for medical reasons. It was supposedly incredibly fuel eficient at around 150mpg.

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#15
In reply to #14

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/20/2008 2:31 PM

Yo.....Tree

I've got one of Fords 'Better ideas' as part of my landscape. Thanks.

I do recall the great promise of ceramic engines and then nothing afterwards. Also the great promise of zirconium alloys. Since then all I've heard is that Glock made a ceramic pistol and zirconium is sold by the atom (it ain't cheap).

But solid graphite pistons and a ceramic block as a two stroke must have been something special to have worked on. Any idea of the rpms/bore/stroke/? Was it ever used as a power source?

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#16
In reply to #15

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/20/2008 2:54 PM

As I recall it was in an Escort body in the Ford literature. They were doing some off-road racing with it - or maybe just an off-road test track.

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#17
In reply to #16

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/21/2008 6:52 AM

I think the US is just keeping its oil reserves underground until they run out everywhere else.

Then we'll be the oil controlling/producing nation and be able to take over the world.

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#18
In reply to #17

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/23/2008 8:44 AM

Bloody optimist! Trouble with that idea is, we'll run out of money before "they" run out of oil...

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#21
In reply to #17

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/25/2008 12:53 AM

I don't know if you are to far off the mark.

The ultra rich don't care if we are broke and if you don't have tens of millions, to play with, you are not invited to get into the oil speculation game.

If they can use up everyone else's oil then it is not a monopoly, or is it?

If that is not the plan then it sure seems to appear that way

Brad

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#7

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/19/2008 2:54 PM

Recall reading in Scientific American some many years back that atomic device was detonated to break through the dolomite layer in the Bakken formation. No further detonations were conducted ostensibly due to the resultant contamination.

Has anybody else heard of this?

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#11

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/20/2008 12:08 AM

I remember they found MTBE in streams and fish,the ethanol idea,bad idea, great if your a corn grower.The man caused global warming scam well only ad gas to the fire.global warming is code for-the new tax.

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#22
In reply to #11

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/25/2008 2:56 AM

I was talking to a geologist the other day and he said the amount of any resources are exactly the same as the people who are providing the research money say they are. Now you also know the formular for successfully getting research grants as well.

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#25
In reply to #22

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/30/2008 11:41 PM

As a geologist, I think your friend is not being up front with you about calculating oil and gas reserves. There is a specific formula that is used to calculate the amount of hydrocarbons that have been generated within a given sediment (Formation). It also provides the geologist with a volumetric number for the amount of hydrocarbons that have been expelled and the amount remaining.

The real problem is not in predicting the amount of hydrocarbons that are contained within a the sediment, but rather how much of the calculated reserves can be extract from the rock. It's reasonable to say that the Bakken Formation has 500 million barrels of oil locked up in its sediment, but what is difficult to ascertain is how much of that 500 million barrels can be extracted, and at what cost.

As a nation, the United States has to do a much better job in well production and well management then what it has done in the past. That means stopping the water flow in wells (which kills the reservoir) and producing higher volumes of oil and gas. Many Well Service Companies need to do a better job in drilling and well completion. As it stands now, most of the well stimualtion problems are caused by the Well Service Industry itself and not the oil companies.

Nobody knows exactly when we will deplete the world of its oil and gas reserves, but I don't think it will be any time soon. Different people will have different time tables depending on how bad they want the situation to appear. Meanwhile, all the people of the earth should be looking towards finding alternatives to the fossil fuel problem. Our Federal Government needs to take the lead in this matter and it certainly isn't doing so by making Federal Lands and Water Ways "off limits" to oil and gas exploration.

In regards to another part of the energy problem, there are a lot of people in this world who are trying to get rich by playing the "fear" card. Some of them work for Wind Power Companies, others work for the Coal Industry. When they start spreading their "doom" and "gloom", just remember they are being paid big bucks to cause mass panic ------- this includes people like Al Gore and his group of friends who are spreading the "Global Warming" craze!

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#23

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/29/2008 2:01 PM

WOW - I believe I was the one who questioned this. I'm glad to see a response. With price of gas and a story of 400 billion reserves don't think I wasn't tempted to find out how I could get in on the action. I recommend everyone do research first. Follow the link to the USGS findings and assessment of the Bakken formation.

http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=1911

This was issued in April so when a story comes out in June still falsely repeating the claim about the 400 billion barrels I had to question this. The USGS report states there is an estimated 3.65-4 billion barrels (not 400). When things are two orders of magnitude off someone needs to speak up and bring in some reality. Bob Marolt, Blaine, Minnesota

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#24
In reply to #23

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

07/30/2008 5:22 PM

One post only, and I'M rating it a GA! Welcome aboard, but you'll have to be pretty sharp to bat 1.000 here...

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#26

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

08/06/2008 6:05 PM

There are some good video's here worth watching one is kinda long.

http://mysticalnights.net/viewforum.php?f=5

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#27
In reply to #26

Re: How Much Oil in the Bakken Formation?

08/06/2008 7:30 PM

Hi Allen048, which video is it that pertians to the amount of oil and/or gas contained within the Bakken Formation?

Thanks,

Karl W. Schwab

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