There are many ways to enjoy potatoes: fried, mashed, baked,
etc. Potatoes get a bad reputation from dieters because of its starch content
and high classification on the glycemic index. Although there are many
nutritional benefits of potatoes, will these pros be able to outweigh the cons?
While it is undeniable that potatoes contain a significant
amount of carbohydrates, the predominant form is starch. A significant portion
of this starch is composed of a form called "resistant starch". Resistant
starch is similar to fiber in its health benefits. It can improve glucose
tolerance, lower triglyceride concentrations, and protect against colon cancer.
The amount of resistant starch found in a potato can increase or decrease depending
on how it is prepared. A cooked potato will contain about 7% resistant starch;
once it is cooled, the potato contains about 13%. This suggests that cooking
and then cooling potatoes will dramatically increase the amount of resistant
starch.
Potatoes contain nutrients that are essential for a healthy
human diet. Not to mention the added fiber associated with eating potatoes with
the skin, which equals the amount found in many whole grain cereals, breads,
and pastas. But don't believe for one second that eating just the skin of the
potato will give you all of the nutrients. While approximately half of the
fiber is found in the skin, more than half of the nutrients are found within
the potato itself. Potatoes are generally considered high on the glycemic index,
but it can change depending on preparation methods, type of potato, origin of
growth, and the toppings.
There is an overwhelming con to this potato puzzle though. Potatoes
contain toxic compounds, called glycoalkaloids, which are meant to protect the
plant from predators. This toxin is usually concentrated in the leaves, stems,
and sprouts. Tubers have the highest concentration of the toxin right under the
skin and can increase due to light exposure, physical damage, and age.
Poisoning from potatoes rarely occurs because cooking at high temperatures will
destroy most of the toxin. In wild potatoes, the concentration of glycoalkaloid
will produce toxic effects in humans. The good news is that potato breeders who
develop new potato varieties test for this toxin. A visual indicator of high
toxin levels is if the potato is green. Even though light exposure causes
greening, glycoalkaloid levels and greening can occur independently. Being safe
never hurt anybody.
While potatoes can contain harmful levels of toxins, unless
you eat a green potato or drink potato-leaf tea, you will not get potato-source
poisoning. Large consumptions of potato in one sitting may not be healthy for
your glycemic index, but potatoes are a very healthy part of any meal in moderation.
Resources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato
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