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April 10, 1963 – The USS Thresher Disaster

Posted April 10, 2009 3:13 PM by Moose

On this day in engineering history, the U.S. Navy lost what Mechanical Engineering Magazine once called "the most advanced submarine in the world", a ship "with a destructive power unequaled by the Navy's entire submarine force in World War II." The USS Thresher (SSN-593), the lead ship in a class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, was lost at sea during deep-diving tests some 800 miles east of Boston, Massachusetts. Ultimately, the loss of the Thresher and the deaths of the 129 men aboard led the Navy to develop better deep-sea submersibles for search-and-rescue operations.

The Thresher and the Skylark

On April 10, 1963, the USS Thresher rendezvoused with the USS Skylark, a submarine rescue vessel, before slipping beneath the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. While diving towards its maximum serviceable depth of 1000 feet, Thresher radioed Skylark about a "minor problem". After ten long minutes of radio silence, Skylark received a garbed message ending with the words "test depth". The last sounds transmitted over Thresher's acoustic microphone were the groans of a doomed ship. While exceeding her maximum test depth, Thresher had imploded.

A Violent Spray of Water

Months later, a naval review board concluded that the failure of a segment in the piping system was responsible for the loss of the USS Thresher. As Admiral Grenfell explained in the March 1964 issue of the U.S. Naval Institute's Proceedings, "The casualty must have occurred when the ship was at or near test depth, which subjected the interior to a violent spray of water and progressive flooding. In all probability, water and spray shorted out vital electrical circuits, causing a loss of propulsion power. The Thresher presumably blew main ballast, started to rise, and began to sink. Shortly thereafter, she undoubtedly exceeded her collapse depth and plunged to the bottom."

Fittings and Fundamentals

So what part of the Thresher's piping system failed? Was it an improperly bonded silver-brazed pipe fitting? Only pipes greater than four inches in diameter were welded. Smaller pipes, such as those found in the submarine's engine room, were joined by a silver ring inserted between the two ends. Or did the USS Thresher fail because of far more fundamental errors in its design? As James L. McVoy, a former submariner and editor of the Naval Engineering Journal explained, "When the Navy tried to determine the cause of Thresher's loss we found so many things wrong it was almost a good thing we didn't know what happened."

Resources:

http://www.subsim.com/ssr/thresher.html

http://navysite.de/ssn/ssn593.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Thresher_(SSN-593)


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#1

Re: April 10, 1963 – The USS Thresher Disaster

04/11/2009 5:49 AM

Horribly intriguing...
I remember reading a book 'Subsunk' as a young lad.
I find it hard to believe that a small pipe would be that critical and wouldn't have back up protection/shut off valves etc.
An old neighbour of my parents (now long gone) was in subs at the time of the Russian Revolution...infact he was a bit of a charcter, so he may have caused it.
There's a good submarine museum at Gosport near Portsmouth, and on Navy Days you can go into the modern working subs...I remember as a kid we were on a sub and it was getting late, we were in danger of missing our train home, so the sailor running the tour let us out the emergency escape hatch...we were really chuffed with that.
Del

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Re: April 10, 1963 – The USS Thresher Disaster

04/11/2009 6:27 PM

Greetings.

I was working in the Bremerton Naval shipyard in the summer of 1964 as a lagger helper prior to going to college. I believe it was the Trieste submarine that was being built there. Because I was thin then (165 pounds) and smaller than almost all of the Lagger Mechanics (about 210 plus) I was asked to go work on the Trieste to remove all of the lagging so that they could inspect all of the systems. I declined but learned a lot about the Thresher and the Trieste because of the offer.

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#3

Re: April 10, 1963 – The USS Thresher Disaster

04/12/2009 9:12 PM

What annoys me is that usually is that there has to be a large accident before they review a design, even after 30 years a similar thing happened again with the space shuttle

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Re: April 10, 1963 – The USS Thresher Disaster

04/13/2009 3:00 AM

I remember the discussions in newspapers after the accident,

all supposed that the test depth very likely was much deeper than 1000 feet.

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#5

Re: April 10, 1963 – The USS Thresher Disaster

06/01/2009 2:48 PM

I was working at the PNSY during the Thresher incident. After the news broke, everyone who had anything to do with the Thresher, was called into work to review all the drawings and inspection reports for the boat. At the time, fault was laid upon some foreign made valves. I never followed up on the official cause. Because of this incident, a program called sub safe was instituted. In it, all materials that were used in the construction of critical systems, were inspected and tagged as subsafe material for use only in those critical areas. Materials that were not tagged as sub safe, were prohibited from being used in a critical system. Basically it was a means of tracking every item that went into a subsafe system.

The day before sea trials, engineers and designers were asked if they wanted to participate in the trials as observers to place their name on a list. My name was on that list, but fortunately for me, there were too many names on that list and I was not picked. Several people I knew as co-workers were picked and became victims. That was the last time I offered to volunteer for a sea trial on a sub.

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