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I may not be a parent, but I do have ears. Over the years, I've heard that giving your children too much sugar makes them hyperactive. I've heard this ever since I was a kid myself during the 1970s, when sugar cereals began to get a bad rap.
Later, when I worked for the phone company, I would occasionally buy a 2-ft-long Pixy Stix to get a "sugar rush" and make Friday afternoons more interesting. You might say that I took the sugar-makes-you-hyper myth to heart.
So, to learn that sugar doesn't have this effect on human behavior surprised me as much as I'm sure it would surprise any parent who's watched his or her offspring "go bonkers" after eating Halloween candy.
Studying the Myth
Most medical experts agree that there are no scientific studies which prove that eating certain foods affects a child's behavior (or an adult's, for that matter). While it is possible that even small amounts of sugar may affect some children, sugar is not so powerful as to seriously affect everyone's behavior.
Why do so many parents still believe the sugar-makes-kids-hyper myth then? One study from 1994 provides an answer to that question. In The Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Daniel Hoover and Richard Milich tested thirty-one boys ranging in age from 5 to 7 years old whose mothers described them as "behaviorally affected by sugar."
The boys were split into two groups. In one, the mothers were told that their sons would be fed extra-sugary Kool-Aid. In the other, the mothers were told that their sons were the control group and would be given a drink with aspartame. In reality, both groups were given the artificial sweetener. The researchers then videotaped the mothers and sons playing together. Afterwards, the mothers were given a survey about how they thought their son had behaved.
Predictably, the mothers who believed their sons were in the "extra-sugary" group claimed their boys exhibited symptoms of hyperactivity. The researchers also noticed that these mothers tended to hover over their sons and be more critical of their behavior. By contrast, the mothers in the "aspartame-only" group seemed to get along better with their children.
Warning: Happiness May Cause Excitability in Children
Here's another reason for the sugar-makes-kids-hyper myth. Children often eat sugary foods at celebrations that excite them - birthday parties, Halloween, and family gatherings. Therefore, the situation itself – and not the eating of sugary foods – leads to behavior that parents interpret as "hyper".
When parents see a change in their child's behavior, they often recall the last treat was ingested instead of considering the circumstances that may have produced the behavior. Attributing hyperactivity to only diet or only certain food ingredients is too simplistic. There is more hyperactivity than a daily bowl of Honey Smacks every morning.
Granted, some studies suggest that there is a correlation between diet and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). So perhaps every so often a researcher will come across a child whose condition truly is affected by sugar. But when parents go nuts because a can of Coke has supposedly made their kids uncontrollable, it's more likely they're just seeing the behavior they expect to see.
Resources:
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52516
http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/children/9911/22/diet.sugar.myth.kids.wmd/
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2747/does-giving-sweets-to-kids-produce-a-sugar-rush
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/515073/sugar_high_myth_or_reality.html?cat=5
http://www.parents.com/family-life/better-parenting/parenting-style/14-surprising-myths-about-parenthood/?page=2
http://www.healthunit.org/nutrition/lifecycle/toddler/commonmyths.htm
http://listverse.com/2009/02/15/top-10-common-medical-myths/
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