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The Animal Science Blog is the place for conversation and discussion about scientific and technological topics related to pets, livestock, and other animals. See how cutting-edge advances help – or hinder – species around the world. The blog's owner, Laura Sicley, is a lifelong animal enthusiast who received an AS in Equine Studies before switching to a "more practical" college major. She currently has two beagles, two horses, a cat, and a tank full of tropical fish.

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Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

Posted July 29, 2009 12:01 AM by SavvyExacta

A bird flies into a window at top speed and drops to the ground. Another bird flutters against a window, tapping its beak against the glass as if knocking at a door. Why do birds attempt to travel through glass? Humans laugh or even try to prevent it from happening, but birds don't seem to understand. Thousands are killed each year during migration and nesting.

Bird Brains

In the case of a bird, "bird brain" doesn't mean stupid, it just means that they process things differently than you or I do. There are different reasons why birds might fly into glass. Let's explore a few.

  1. Migration – Migrating birds often travel quickly. When the reflection from a window (or group of windows) looks like trees or foliage, it's easy for a bird to be confused and to continue right into the glass. According to National Wildlife Magazine, 2,000 birds per year could be killed during migration by tall buildings in Chicago alone.

  2. Territorial Behavior – A bird's nesting site and surrounding area are its "territory". Like many other animals, a bird will aggressively protect its territory or food source, especially during breeding season. Songs, flying patterns, and dive bombing are methods of protection. Reflections, such as those on metal or glass, may be interpreted by a bird as a rival – and therefore "attacked".

Species That "Attack" Glass

There are several types of species that tend to think of glass as a threat. Some birds from the Northeastern U.S. include the American Robin, Northern Cardinal, Northern Mockingbird, American Goldfinch Wild Turkey, and Ruffled Grouse.

A pair of Northern Cardinals is nesting in the trees outside my window at work. I've seen them quite often, or at least I did earlier in the spring. In the morning, the female would often sidestep along the ledge of my window and tap at the glass. Until I researched this topic I thought she was trying to get into the office for nesting material!

What to Do?

Here are a few ideas to help prevent birds from either crashing into glass or repeatedly attacking glass. They are not foolproof, but could help.

  • Use outdoor screens on windows
  • Keep shades drawn during peak feeding hours to cut down on reflection
  • Use window decals (experts say this is ineffective)
  • Cover windows with strips of ribbon or netting
  • Move bird feeders away from windows
  • Don't wash your windows

There are new types of glass that can help ward off birds. Called "fritted" glass, small circles are etched into the glass and make it more visible. The etching doesn't make a visual difference to human eyes from a distance, but helps oncoming birds.

Resources:

http://www.massaudubon.org/Nature_Connection/wildlife/index.php?subject=Birds:%20Behavior&id=17

http://backyard-birdz.com/articles/2009/02/birds-flying-into-windows.html#

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5076012

http://www.nwf.org/nationalwildlife/article.cfm?articleid=52&issueid=9

http://www.projectwildlife.org/facts-windows-safe-for-birds.htm

http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=4578

http://www.flap.org/new/prevent.htm


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Power-User
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#1

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 12:19 AM

Don't wash your windows

I vote for that solution.

Any ideas on how to keep woodpeckers from pecking on my house? I don't think the structure is being damaged. I would think they're more liable to hurt themselves, since the materials being pecked are brick and siding.

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#3
In reply to #1

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 7:20 AM

Not sure what to tell you about the woodpeckers, sue. The ones by my old house used to hammer away for hours at the huge power line poles. Mostly the treated wood type but occasionally metal!

Here's a photo of one of our pileated visitors (actually on a tree):

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 8:14 AM

Beautiful! I've been trying to get a photo like this for years. They either sense that I'm around and move to the opposite side of the tree, or are in motion and the shot comes out blurry. (Or I'm a lousy photographer). Love to see them swooping around; they look like pterodactyls. Comparatively.

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#12
In reply to #4

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 8:39 AM

Birds are difficult to photograph. This was one of the first pictures I took with my new digital camera and a long lens. I was still fairly close though - maybe 30-40 feet away.

I have some great pictures of tree and barn swallows that I'll have to use in a future blog entry!

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#5
In reply to #1

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 10:42 AM

I once had a woodpecker that would try to peck through a metal grill. He would sit atop it and try so hard that he would move around as he pecked. I don't think he ever got hurt, but it was such a weird sound and you couldn't help but laugh every time he tried to make a home in the grill.

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#8
In reply to #1

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 1:22 PM

If they're not damaging the structure of the house, they're probably not looking for bugs-- more likely they're using the harder surface so the sound resonates more for marking their territory or mate-attraction. They'll even tap on metal siding, so I wouldn't worry about them hurting themselves! ^_^

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#11
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Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 8:34 AM

We've got a red-headed woodpecker that delights on pecking on the gutters on the back of our house during the early morning hours. It resonates throughout the house so for a long time we actually thought he was getting in the attic. We even sealed every crack and crevice to stop him getting in.

Then early one morning I noticed him on the gutter, banging away. #$%@^&$%^&

Hooker <--- a firm believer in not washing the windows

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#14
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Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 9:29 AM

Not clear what exactly what you sealed up or what type of attic you have, but attics need ventilation between the insulation and the wooden roof. If you don't get enough airflow, moisture will condense and rot out the roof (not to mention the adverse effects it will have on the shingles).

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#16
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Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 10:12 AM

Oh, no fear, we didn't seal up the normal vents (soffits, ridgeline, etc). They were all critter proof anyway.

There were some other unprotected areas, big enough for small birds to get in, that we closed off.

Thanks for worrying!

Hooker

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#2

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 1:00 AM

...not much different than some people making certain mistakes and others not.

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#6

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 10:48 AM

That is pretty cool. I don't know that there were many repeat offenders that would smack into my windows though. Fritted glass sounds like a neat alternative, although I wouldn't go out of my way to please birds if it was that noticeable up close.

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#7

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 11:47 AM

Poor, birds. My step-father used to work at a car dealership and he said that birds would fly into the glass all the time. It makes sense though, especially considering how clear the outdoors looks in the image you used.

The territorial behavior thing reminds me of when I had a beta fish. They too, hate reflections of themselves!

I'm also with Sue on not washing windows to be a good prevention method. I'd also propose having a cat, whom likely will enjoy sitting in the windows and growling at the birds.

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#9

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/29/2009 4:10 PM

"Use window decals (experts say this is ineffective)"

Yes, but have tried a decal of a big cat?

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#18
In reply to #9

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 6:08 PM

Shhhh....Don't give away any more secrets. Del is waiting to pounce!

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#10

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 4:52 AM

We have a problem with seagulls nesting on the factory roof, they peck through the transparent roofing panels. When they have chicks (which is now) they regard anyone close to the building as a threat & dive bomb them.

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#13

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 8:44 AM

I mounted a piece of broomhandle onto a metal waste paper basket to see if the woodpeckers would hammer that too. We have more than a few woodpeckers around or nieghborhood. Once they found it, they would beat it religiously off and on as long as the sun was up. After a while I had to take it down because of the noise nuisance, you could hear it well from 1/2 mile away. As for the glass question, it seems that reflections confuse them. They never fly into frosted glass, only glass that reflects.

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#15

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 9:49 AM
Score 1 for Good Answer
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#17

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

07/30/2009 12:38 PM

They're lonely or need attention...

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#19

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

08/01/2009 12:26 PM

Ive been told by a few people that some time the wood peckers will use the stone or metal materials to re point their beaks. Just like a punch or chisel gets dull so does the wood peckers pointed beak.

I don't know if it true but after hearing it I did watch a wood pecker sit and do glancing blows to a rusty piece of steel in front of my shop for a few minutes. It sort of looked like it may actually have been doing some purposeful sharpening.

Just an educated guess though!

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#20

Re: Smack! Why Do Birds Fly Into Glass?

08/04/2009 1:26 PM

I get a few dinners a year from Ruffed Grouse hitting my windows. Humm, Yummm. It happens when overpopulation of an area causes them to spontaneously erupt in a wild scattering dispersal response.

Woodpeckers like the steel trim on my shop for sound effects. Chickadees tap my window only when the bird feeder is empty.

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