A schematic diagram shows the way functional blocks are connected together not always an indication of where the parts are in the real world. Here are assorted symbols

http://www.aaroncake.net/electronics/schem.htm

A component placement diagram shows where the parts are in the real world.

A printed circuit board layout shows where all the wires go to connect the parts.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board

A wiring diagram show the way parts are wired together in the real world, often with a wiring harness splayed out.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_diagram

For a building the diagram shows where all the parts are located in the building. and uses a different construction standard component symbol set than a schematic diagram.

Explore this site and follow links and it will answer most of your questuons.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_wiring