It's back, the scientific theory / media darling of the mid-1980s: Chaos Theory - most recently (and poorly) espoused by Jeff Goldblum in Jurassic Park.
Mechanical engineers at Purdue University have "proved" that "some sort of deterministic chaos" builds error into the measurements taken with atomic-force microscopes.
If you want to read an accessible and enjoyable book about the mechanisms of Chaos, especially in relation to economics, check out Entropy, by Jeremy Rifkin.