In 1904, one year prior to Einstein's famous paper, Lee de Forest patented a tool for deriving directions of electromagnetic (EM) events from differences in arrival times of their signals at separate receivers. De Forest's radiolocation concept, now used by the GPS, "spy" satellites, etc. to derive directions, locations and times of EM events, differs from tools Einstein used to derive Lorentz' transforms (LT). That is, De Forest's clocks need be rate synchronous only and resulting clock values depend on distances to the observed events but not on motion relative to other observers of the same events. While engineers have used this idea to accomplish amazing feats, I am unaware that physicists have ever even considered its potential theoretical implications.
The simple artifice of replacing synchronized clocks collocated with two EM events with electronic stopwatches triggered "on" and "off" by signals from those events defines a tool directly comparable to Einstein's clocks and rods. E.g., given any two SW values, C0' and C1' for any two EM events in any inertial frame the distance Dsw'/c and time Tsw' between those events are defined as (C0'+C1')/2 and (C0'-C1')/2 (with the convention that a SW value is negative if triggered "on" by the remote signal, otherwise positive). Let two collocated time-like events in one frame be observed from a second frame moving at relative velocity V'. In contrast to the first frame, clocks collocated with these events in this frame are separated by some distance D'sw and both signal propagation times are finite. But are they equal? They do not appear so from the first frame: That is after the first event, one clock is receding while the other is approaching the two events. Thus the "on" signal from the first event to the approaching clock in the second frame must, it seems, be less than the "off" signal to the receding clock. Given that the two events in the first frame are separated by time T, then relative to the first frame: P0' = T/(1-V'/c) -T and P1'= -T/(1+V'/c) +T. If one makes the (radical?) assumption that clocks rates are the same in both frames, then: C0'= P0'+T, C1'= P1'-T, Tsw'= T/[1- (V'/c)2] and Dsw'/c= T(V'/c)/[1- (V'/c)2], from which V'/c = Dsw'/cTsw'.
This asymmetry in signal propagation times contradicts Einstein's statement in his 1905 paper re time between two EM events A and B: "We have not defined a common "time" for A and B, for the latter cannot be defined at all unless we establish by definition that the "time" required by light to travel from A to B equals the "time" it requires to travel from B to A." This assumption guarantees that synchronized clocks measure time between EM events independent of distance, even though Einstein's own theory shows that the time and distance between EM events are not independent.
The above SW definitions for distance, time, and motion are relativistic. As such, while these versions are Newtonian for simultaneous and collocated EM events, otherwise they are non-Newtonian. They are also quantized, i.e., all three are derived from SW values whose accuracies are limited by quantization of EM signals. Since these definitions depend directly on signal propagation times from events to clocks they avoid the puzzling paradoxes of the LT. (E.g., Einstein's conclusion that relative motion between observers affects their clock rates and rod lengths is replaced by the derivable differences in signal propagation times from events to clocks due to differences in clock motion relative to those events.)
Further analysis not described here shows that the above definitions for time-like events apply to space-like events when the terms Dsw'/c and Tsw' are interchanged. And, that while differences between these physics are in theory testable, both pass the Frisch-Smith and Ives-Stillwell tests for time-dilation and transverse Doppler shifts.
I was surprised to find that de Forest's simple direction finder led so directly to an interpretation of Einstein's two principles of SR sans the paradoxical physics effects of his own explanation. However, given the legions of physicists who have as yet found no flaws in Einstein's explanation, odds are mine is seriously flawed. I need help!!
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