Hello ! About calculation every part of circuit have a special specifications, www.festo.com they have a good program for that calculations for different moving elements, cylinders, valves, of course they sell them. For a complete network for a industry with pneumatic machines you need to know the technical specifications, and calculate the press lost in the pipes and differents elements... http://www.ecompressedair.com/library/compressedairsystems.shtml here there are some tips to do it...

Teorical calculations are based in euler ecuation and F=P*A only in real world we have friction and air is a gas....