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Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/29/2009 2:58 PM

I'm the head engineer of a small company (electronics engineer). We hand build most boards in house (assembly). We use water soluble flux, and wash the board assemblies in hot tap water with an anti-static brush. We then use a compress air to blow dry them.

We are starting to conformal coat the boards, to provide protection against moisture. I'm starting to see post conformal coating failures that appear to be from trapped flux or moisture under some surface mount components.

I've done a little research and I think we need to use deionized water to clean with and then use a oven/dryer to completely dry the board assemblies before conformal coating. Does anyone agree or disagre with this conclusion. Can anyone recommend some equipment or a cheap solution (dish washer?)?

thanks,

heath holcomb

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#1

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/29/2009 5:43 PM

Firstly, welcome to CR4. You have posed a very good first question.

Secondly, welcome the the challenge of circuit board cleaning.

If you are using a flux that needs to be cleaned off, then cleaning is essential. You've got that bit right.

If you're wanting to coat the boards succesfully, then they do need to be propperly dry. You've got that bit right.

The problem is that you do not know what this contaminant is, but more challenging, you probably will not see only that contaminant, so your cleaning process needs to be sufficient for ALL potential contaminants.

Today's contaminant might be ionic salts from your flux that wasn't cleaned properly, tomorrow it might be hand cream used by one of your staff, or lubricant from a piece of equipment, or wax from the paper the boards come supplied in. You WILL also encounter another nasty and difficult to remove material that is used as release agent by the IC manufacturers.

I suggest thgat you look at www.kolb-ct.com to get some ideas, so that you can understand the types of equipment available and then look at your local second hand market, even try "Equipmatch" in google and register. (They are a second hand machinery site that often has good deals.)

Basically you do need a process that "cleans", dries (either blow down with de-ionised/static free air or centrifugal action), desicates by heating, then apply tour coating.

Good luck, have fun.

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#3
In reply to #1

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/29/2009 8:22 PM

GA JAE

In addition that process ought to be recognize/ be independent of the vagaries of ambient humidity temperature etc...or else should run for several standard deviations beyond the normal 'dry cycle' in best case.

milo only thing worse than cleaning is drying from a process control perspective

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#2

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/29/2009 7:22 PM

I agree with JaE.

Have you asked your flux supplier for assistance?

Do you visual after cleaning?

Take some test panels home with you, and WHEN YOUR WIFE'S GONE run them through your dishwasher and find out. It should work fine. I used to build PCB fab equipment which was not much more than a 50-100 foot long plastic dishwasher.

DI rinse is good. Dry with clean, filtered de-ionised/static free air or centrifugal action, as JaE said. Compressor oil and water are both bad, too.

Drain your air tank daily to reduce moisture content.

Keep all silicone containing products in another isolated area. Silicone spray can travel for many, many feet. Doesn't sound like you have this problem, yet.

Good Luck! Welcome.

Lyn

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#4

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/29/2009 11:48 PM

Yes, a dish washer works great. Years ago I worked for Raytheon Computer in Santa Ana CA. We designed and built A/D and DACs. In those days, an Analog Multiplexer, Sample and Hold Amp and an A/D took up a whole 19" Rack. Now days it is 3 chips.

The Production line assembled 50 to 200 PCB's a day. They were all washed in dish washers (we had 3 of them) with DI water. They were oven dried and Conformal Coated. Later at another company I set up the conformal coating department for the production of Digital volt meters. These boards were washed by hand using real hot water (DI water) and liquid dish soap, oven dried and dip coated with Humiseal. Years later at a small start-up company (Western Digital) had a problem with washing Integrated Circuit Wafers. After testing many expensive soap cleaners formulated for wafer washing and other soaps, inspecting them for contaminants using an Electron Microscope, we found that Lemon Scented Joy was the absolute winner. Lemon Scented joy immediately was written into the process specifications for the production of IC's.

I have been using Lemon Scented Joy for PCB cleaning for over 30 years.

If you are interested, I'm sure I can find my PCB Process Spec used for Conformal coating. It may be old and dusty but I'm sure it is still works.

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#5
In reply to #4

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 12:00 AM

Don't let this get out or, "Lemon Scented Joy" will be on the HAZ MAT list, if it's found at work.

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#6
In reply to #5

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 7:50 AM

Proably not the easiest MSDS sheet to obtain. I'll start digging.

milo

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#7

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 6:49 PM

So JAE gets a GA for posting a link? You guys are pathetic.

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#8
In reply to #7

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 7:10 PM

Thanks for the critique. Sometimes I also feel that GA's are too easily awarded and there have been whole threads relating to exactly that.

I would hope that whoever it was that linked the GA to that response believed that the other information provided contributed to the initiators understanding of board cleaning, like the potential of multiple contaminants and the fact that what is causing issue today might not be the one that was there last week. Also the acknowledgement that as a "new" contributor their effort in describing the situation provided us with enough information to provide meaningful feedback.

I almost didn't include the link, since it might influence preference to a particular supplier that I know of and there may well be others more suited that I don't know of.

Your thoughts remind us that we need to remain serious about when we issue GA "rewards".

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 10:49 PM

In one capacity or another, I was involved in PCB coating for 20 years.

The answer given was good. I have not looked at the link.

GA to you. Ga is not a reward. It's an acknowledgment that the answer has merit and helps solve a problem.

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#11
In reply to #9

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 10:55 PM

Thanks for the affirmation, I'm only a "newbie" at coating (8 years, including experiments in encapsulant) but that is all to change in 10 days time. Our plant is closing, so my experience will now be capped in this field.

Looking at other industries at the moment. I'll see where my life skills take me.

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#12
In reply to #11

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 10:59 PM

Good luck! These are trying times. Reinvent yourself. You can do it!

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#13
In reply to #9

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 11:53 PM

Sure...i agree, but there is no consistency. It seems (to me) that there are a few of the regulars that just keep passing these GA to each other - while others (often less contributive) that give great answers get non (no - i don't have a gripe on anything i've posted - just in case).

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#10

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

06/30/2009 10:51 PM

Hi Heath,

Plastic moisture sensitive components absorb moisture over time and should be placed in an oven for the time specified by the manufacturer of the components before installing them.

Bioact EC-7R Dfluxer is my favorite. Discerning what components should not be exposed to it and isopropyl alcohol is important of course.

For removing fluxes, conformal coatings, and most contaminants, dip and agitate the assemblies in a bath of BIOACT EC-7R Semi-Aqueous Defluxer (a patented blend of orange terpenes and aliphatic esters) for as much time as needed, typically 15 minutes, then 15 minutes in a bath of isopropyl alcohol followed by another 15 minutes in a second bath of isopropyl alcohol followed by drying in a flowing air chamber.

Establish a standard procedure for using the system and for replacing the solvents by visual inspection or specific gravity.

Time in the oven before conformal coating is applied and curing of the coating in the oven afterwards is a good procedure for keeping the product moving.

Finding a reasonably priced cleaning machine is not so easy. For a small operation wire baskets to hold the products in baths that use pneumatic pumps to circulate the solvents are a good idea. The same filtered air supply is used for the flowing air drying chamber.

The topic of moisture-sensitive components is rather boring but very important — and frequently misunderstood. Increased moisture-sensitive component use, such as thin fine-pitch devices and ball grid arrays (BGA), has increased concern for this failure mechanism. When components are exposed to the elevated temperatures that occur during reflow soldering, moisture trapped inside plastic surface mount devices (SMD) produces enough vapor pressure to damage or destroy the device. Common failure modes include internal separation (delamination) of the plastic from the die or lead-frame; wire bond damage; die damage; and internal cracks that do not extend to the component surface. In extreme cases, cracks will extend to the component surface; in the most severe cases, the component will bulge and pop (referred to as the "popcorn" effect).

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#14

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

07/01/2009 9:13 AM

I got some great replies from my question. I now have a much better idea for what I need to do. When I implement the new procedures, I'll post to this thread with the results.

This is a great site, I can't believe I have not come across it before.

thanks,

heath holcomb

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#15
In reply to #14

Re: Conformal Coatings - PCB Cleaning and Drying

07/01/2009 11:33 AM

Come on back! It's addictive. And there are some very intelligent people here.

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