Previous in Forum: Dissimilar Metal Weld   Next in Forum: Design of Venturi
Close
Close
Close
14 comments
Rate Comments: Nested
Associate

Join Date: Mar 2011
Posts: 36

Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/28/2011 4:07 AM

Hi all,

Stainless steel material has various classes and types like SS321, 304, 316, 347 etc. So, Please let me know what differences is between 321 and 304. In my project, end user requires only to use SS321. I am just wondering why SS321 shall be only required. My guess is that operating flow properties may be related but I don t know correct reason. So it would be really appreciated that someone who know more detail, professional and has experienced helps me try to better understand.

Thank you all.

Good luck.

Register to Reply
Interested in this topic? By joining CR4 you can "subscribe" to
this discussion and receive notification when new comments are added.

Good Answers:

These comments received enough positive votes to make them "good answers".

"Almost" Good Answers:

Check out these comments that don't yet have enough votes to be "official" good answers and, if you agree with them, vote them!
4
Guru

Join Date: Jan 2010
Location: Mineral wells Tx
Posts: 630
Good Answers: 34
#1

Re: Different Stainless Steel properties

04/28/2011 5:29 AM

May be the following info. could help you:

Typical Alloy Content

304
316
316 Ti
320
321
347
308
309
(18-20Cr, 8-12Ni)
(16-18Cr, 10-14Ni + 2-3Mo)
(316 with Titanium Added)
(Same as 316Ti)
(17-19Cr, 9-12Ni + Titanium)
(17-19Cr, 9-13Ni + Niobium)
(19-22Cr, 9-11Ni)
(22-24Cr, 12-15Ni)

304 + Molybdenum
304 + Moly + Titanium
-
304 + Titanium
304 + Niobium
304 + Extra 2%Cr
304 + Extra 4%Cr + 4% Ni

All the above stainless steel grades are basic variations of a 304. All are readily weldable and all have matching consumables, except for a 304 which is welded with a 308 or 316, 321 is welded with a 347 (Titanium is not easily transferred across the arc) and a 316Ti is normally welded with a 318.

Register to Reply Good Answer (Score 4)
Guru
Hobbies - CNC - New Member Hobbies - DIY Welding - New Member Engineering Fields - Electromechanical Engineering - New Member

Join Date: Aug 2007
Posts: 23647
Good Answers: 420
#2

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/28/2011 8:15 AM

You only listed 300 series Stainless.

If you want physical properties and characteristics, Try Machinery's Handbook.

__________________
“ When people get what they want, they are often surprised when they get what they deserve " - James Wood
Register to Reply
Power-User

Join Date: Feb 2007
Location: Aberdeen, Scotland
Posts: 393
Good Answers: 21
#3

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/28/2011 9:16 AM

Or Matweb

Register to Reply
Guru
United States - Member - New Member Engineering Fields - Mechanical Engineering - New Member Engineering Fields - Petroleum Engineering - New Member Hobbies - Target Shooting - New Member

Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Spring, Texas
Posts: 3403
Good Answers: 150
#4

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/28/2011 12:33 PM

Titanium in this alloy combines with carbon preferentially to Chromium to prevent crack sensitization and loss of corrosion resistance in the 800-1000 degree F temperature range.

__________________
Who is John Galt?
Register to Reply Score 1 for Good Answer
Guru

Join Date: Jan 2010
Location: Mineral wells Tx
Posts: 630
Good Answers: 34
#6
In reply to #4

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/29/2011 2:03 AM

Right Rors.

If any part of stainless-steel is heated in the range 500 degrees to 800 degrees for any reasonable time there is a risk that the chrome will form chrome carbides (a compound formed with carbon) with any carbon present in the steel. This reduces the chrome available to provide the passive film and leads to preferential corrosion, which can be severe. This is often referred to as sensitisation. Therefore it is advisable when welding stainless steel to use low heat input and restrict the maximum interpass temperature to around 175°, although sensitisation of modern low carbon grades is unlikely unless heated for prolonged periods. Small quantities of either titanium (321) or niobium (347) added to stabilise the material will inhibit the formation of chrome carbides.

Register to Reply Off Topic (Score 4)
Guru
Engineering Fields - Piping Design Engineering - New Member Egypt - Member - Member since 02/18/2007

Join Date: Feb 2007
Location: Cairo, Egypt
Posts: 1733
Good Answers: 248
#5

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/29/2011 12:55 AM

See Stainless_Steel_Grade_Selection by Atlas Specialty Metals.

__________________
It is better to be defeated on principles, than to win on lies!
Register to Reply Score 1 for Good Answer
2
Commentator

Join Date: Dec 2010
Posts: 68
Good Answers: 4
#7

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/29/2011 9:01 AM

Moon,

I noticed you had another post where you had asked about dissimilar metal welding. You didn't state it here but I'm going to answer your question under the assumption that what you are constructing has to be welded. If that is in fact the case, your customer probably has specified the use of 321 s/s over 304 s/s to prevent "sensitization" (or inter-granular attack a.k.a. IGA) of the weld (and more specifically the HAZ) while in service. This phenomenon is prevalent in chloride-bearing aqueous environs. Slow cooling either in service or during the weld process through the temperature range of 400 to 850 °C (750-1550 °F) can set up chromium rich carbides along the grain boundaries.

Grades 321 and 347 are considered "stabilized" grades of stainless steel which are enriched with Titanium and Niobium (respectively) which helps reduce the susceptibility to IGA. There are other grades that are almost as effective but your customer may be willing to incur the additional cost of the stabilized grades to be sure.

Hopefully this answers your question. It may not be relevant at all to your application but it is certainly one reason where the 321 s/s would be specified over the others.

Register to Reply Good Answer (Score 2)
Power-User

Join Date: Dec 2010
Posts: 377
Good Answers: 20
#14
In reply to #7

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

05/01/2011 11:31 PM

A real good answer.

But it may be noted that in the projects of 90s, SS321 tubes were used in steam super heater coils, which were subjected to >750°C from out side and super heats the steam to 515°C inside the tubes, have now been replaced by material SS 304H, which has proven to be better in that harsh atmosphere in place of stablised 321. This is due better physical/Mechanical properties of 304H as compared to that of SS321. The specific case I am refering is Super heater coil in one of the Haldor Tosae plant's Reformer furnace.

It is better to understand the exact requirement to use the specific material of construction.

Register to Reply
Member

Join Date: Jan 2011
Posts: 6
Good Answers: 1
#8

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/30/2011 2:20 AM

Dear Friend,

AISI 304:good for all the applications

Defieciency:It has got Carbon Sensitization.At hogh temp.

321:is astabilized steel.and with stand HIGH temp applications

Regards

G.Surareddy

Register to Reply
Guru
Hobbies - CNC - New Member Hobbies - DIY Welding - New Member Engineering Fields - Electromechanical Engineering - New Member

Join Date: Aug 2007
Posts: 23647
Good Answers: 420
#9
In reply to #8

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

04/30/2011 12:29 PM

bad advice, 304 will not hold up in a caustic environment. Where 316 will.

__________________
“ When people get what they want, they are often surprised when they get what they deserve " - James Wood
Register to Reply
Guru
United States - Member - New Member Engineering Fields - Mechanical Engineering - New Member Engineering Fields - Petroleum Engineering - New Member Hobbies - Target Shooting - New Member

Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Spring, Texas
Posts: 3403
Good Answers: 150
#10
In reply to #9

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

05/01/2011 9:58 AM

and neither will hold up in high H2S unless dead soft.

__________________
Who is John Galt?
Register to Reply
Guru
Hobbies - CNC - New Member Hobbies - DIY Welding - New Member Engineering Fields - Electromechanical Engineering - New Member

Join Date: Aug 2007
Posts: 23647
Good Answers: 420
#11
In reply to #10

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

05/01/2011 6:39 PM

I failed to mentioned the level of environment.

The point still being, there is a reason for different grades. To specify you must first establish the condition and environment the steels will be working in.

__________________
“ When people get what they want, they are often surprised when they get what they deserve " - James Wood
Register to Reply
Guru
United States - Member - New Member Engineering Fields - Mechanical Engineering - New Member Engineering Fields - Petroleum Engineering - New Member Hobbies - Target Shooting - New Member

Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Spring, Texas
Posts: 3403
Good Answers: 150
#12
In reply to #11

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

05/01/2011 8:16 PM

Not intended to bust your chops Phoenix, sorry if you took it that way, just extending your quite correct point that those other alloys exist for a reason and to dismiss them all is beyond folly.

__________________
Who is John Galt?
Register to Reply
Guru
Hobbies - CNC - New Member Hobbies - DIY Welding - New Member Engineering Fields - Electromechanical Engineering - New Member

Join Date: Aug 2007
Posts: 23647
Good Answers: 420
#13
In reply to #12

Re: Different Stainless Steel Properties

05/01/2011 8:53 PM

Thats ok, it only sounded like I took it hard. Fact is you were correct in pointing that out.

I need to be pressed like that every now and again. Thanks and my chops still hurts.

__________________
“ When people get what they want, they are often surprised when they get what they deserve " - James Wood
Register to Reply
Register to Reply 14 comments

Good Answers:

These comments received enough positive votes to make them "good answers".

"Almost" Good Answers:

Check out these comments that don't yet have enough votes to be "official" good answers and, if you agree with them, vote them!
Copy to Clipboard

Users who posted comments:

Abdel Halim Galala (1); gsurareddy (1); MACA (1); Mukesh0861 (1); phoenix911 (4); Rorschach (3); weldeng449 (1); Whitephone (2)

Previous in Forum: Dissimilar Metal Weld   Next in Forum: Design of Venturi

Advertisement