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Join Date: Jun 2012
Posts: 1

Generator Slows Down When Load is Increased

06/21/2012 10:51 AM

Hello All,

I want to discuss what exactly causes the synchronous generator to slow down when when load is increased on it? I am asking with respect to power factor, load angle, real and reactive power?! Consider the generator to be working as island operation. What actually happens inside generator, can someone please explain step by step?

Many thanks!!

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Pathfinder Tags: frequency Generator Power Factor synchronous
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#1

Re: Generator Slows Down When Load is Increased

06/21/2012 12:19 PM

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Join Date: Jun 2010
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#2

Re: Generator Slows Down When Load is Increased

06/21/2012 1:52 PM

I think you're looking at the wrong end, i.e. the generator instead of the driver. What causes the generator to slow down when the load is increased is the fact that the turbine or engine governor is not causing the driver to increase its power output enough to maintain speed - unless the generator is calling for more power than the driver is capable of delivering.

Here are a couple of interesting reads:

http://control.com/thread/1026221805

http://www.annainc.com/pdfs/genBasics.PDF

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Join Date: Jul 2011
Posts: 29
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#3

Re: Generator Slows Down When Load is Increased

06/21/2012 5:03 PM

Hello Semusal,
I will make it simple for you, imagine you are driving a car and you want to maintain its speed. Then you face an incline (which is an extra load), if you kept providing the same amount of fuel to your car's engine, the speed of the car will reduce at the incline, therefore you will need to increase the fuel inlet for your car to maintain the speed that you desire. The generator works in the same exact concept, if load increases on the generator, with the same fuel inlet to the generator's turbine will not be enough to maintain its speed and therefore it will slow down and lower the frequency. Therefore, the governor will react to the increase of the load and push more fuel into the turbine and increase its speed to maintain the desired speed and frequency. IF the generator is unable to maintain the frequency as the load increases, then the generator's capacity is not enough to supply the total load and it will trip on under frequency (load shedding will be required in this case to avoid tripping of generator).


The same idea can be applied for voltage, if the load added is an inductive load, it will affect voltage of the generator (lower it). Because the generator has to supply that reactive load and the AVR will have to increase the field excitation to increase the voltage and maintain it.


In Summary, in island operation (isochronous mode) the generator has no control over the load's real and reactive power and therefore has no control over power factor. The generator can only control frequency and voltage to maintain them according to the power and reactive power requirement from the load. But be careful, this is the case with island mode and it is not the case when connected in parallel with other generators or to a big grid.


Also note, that AVR will control voltage or reactive load (or power factor) depending on the mode of operation. Governor will control real power or speed (frequency) depending on mode of operation. I hope I answered your question.

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