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Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/16/2012 8:27 PM

I study Siemens, MHI, GE gas turbine and I find 50 Hz Gas turbine power output is always higher than 60 Hz. Then, is there any technical reason why 50 Hz Gas turbine power output is always higher than 60 Hz?

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#1

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas turbine power output is always higher than 60 Hz?

08/16/2012 11:03 PM

Evidently the torque in the 50 Hz versions is greater than 1.2 x the torque in the 60 Hz versions. Maybe some further research along that line will help.

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#2

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas turbine power output is always higher than 60 Hz?

08/17/2012 12:04 AM

The inductive reactance of a circuit varies directly as the frequency?

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#3

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas turbine power output is always higher than 60 Hz?

08/17/2012 12:16 AM

There was a similar thread in CR4(thread number.....),hope somebody will give the thread number/title/date.

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#4
In reply to #3

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas turbine power output is always higher than 60 Hz?

08/17/2012 9:34 AM
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#5

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/17/2012 10:32 PM

Yes. But who cares. And we discussed it before.

Both answers apply.

By the way, if you are in a 50 Hz country, that applies, and other outputs, like 55, 60 or even 400Hz (a legit generator frequency for airplanes) or any other simply does not apply, as if these did not even exist. Pointless, big time.

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#6

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 12:57 AM

The reason is lack of load. If you load the system or tie it into an existing 50Hz grid as it spins up it will sync to 50Hz. The system is designed to deliver X watts and must consume Y units of fuel to do so. The turbine control system will not begin to cut back on the fuel until it exceeds 50Hz.

Check the minimum load specification on the unit, until you exceed that minimum load the system will be above 50Hz.

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#8
In reply to #6

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 8:54 PM

Thanks Regsoft. It was a great spin up for a layman. I like that skill set. Can you do it again explaining how the generator is tuned to the circuit it is powering and adjusts power output based on demand?

Gav

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 9:30 PM

I don't have time to read the manual for this device but...

one way is to manually intervene and hold the system to near the frequency of the grid you are attaching to before letting the controller take over. While near grid frequency, when the phase error is low connect the generator to the load. Then allow the automatic control system to take over. The generator will transfer power to the system by essentially pulling the grid forward in phase as the automatic control system takes over. If you are not supplying enough power to the generator it will actually draw power from the grid It is important to match phase when closing into an existing grid or you may trip other parts of the system getting your generator into sync with the rest of the system. (UGLY things can happen). You may also be able to just simply close into the grid when you are around 49Hz and the system will self synchronize as the power level is coming up.

If you are operating in island mode and picking up a cold load. As the system is spinning up close into the load when you hit 50Hz. If you don't have a minimum load on the generator it will over frequency the load. Depending on what the load is and how good the voltage regulation is, that can range from minimal to catastrophic!

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#11
In reply to #9

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 9:38 PM

The most intelligent answer in over a year.!! And some clown labels it as off!! Best regards.

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#12
In reply to #11

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 9:52 PM

As far as I can tell, it doesn't answer the original question. Nor do you.

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#13
In reply to #12

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 10:00 PM

Yes, buddy. My answer about it was not, as you take it. Not the first time, I was not able to "fix" an "off label" note as a correct one IMHO. The note is to management about the formality of correcting votes. Have a nice evening.

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#17
In reply to #13

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 11:38 PM

Do we need a third voting option?

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#15
In reply to #12

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 10:24 PM

The inductive reactance increases with the frequency. That means that for fixed variables the acceptance of the circuit would be higher at 50 hertz than at 60 hertz. ??? If the supply voltage is one of those fixed variables then the circuit impedance would be higher for the 60 hertz frequency than the 50. ????

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#20
In reply to #12

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/19/2012 12:54 PM

The Off Topic option is not to be used to describe how well or how poorly you think the question was answered. Off Topic is exactly that, not related to the topic. So, for example, if someone replies to a question in a way you do not think answers it fully or even correctly, it is not off topic, it may merely be wrong. So rather than marking something as off topic if you think they are wrong, reply with why you think they are wrong. This is what facilitates good discussion. Who knows, maybe both parties can learn something.

From the Rate button:

"Do you agree that this comment is 'Off-Topic'

(not related to the original Forum Thread)?"

It's not asking, "Do you agree with this post?" or "Do you think this is a good answer"? If you think it's a good answer, give them a GA. If you don't think it's a good answer, reply with why, or move on. Off Topic is not there for you to judge an answer as wrong, it's there for you to judge it as unrelated to the subject at hand.

And by the way, let's please stop replying to comments with only "GA!". It's not in this thread but I see it around. It is a post that has no content and just clutters the forum. If you think something is a GA, mark it GA. If you want to explain why you think the GA is a GA, feel free. We don't need to know who gave who a GA. If you feel you must tell them you gave them a GA, PM them or post why you think it's a GA.

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#26
In reply to #20

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/22/2012 2:28 PM

Yamdankee:

I like the ideas in your explanation of how the comment rating system might best be used. I also think many other members would be supportive of these ideas. If your comments can be taken as evidence then clearly Admin is also in favor.

.

With members and admin supportive of the ideas, why is this not what is happening?...what's the hold up? Who is resisting the change?

.

The answer is: the comment rating system.

.

If 'Off Topic' is not intended to mean 'the opposite of GA', then the system should not reduce the GA count when someone clicks 'Off Topic' (nor reduce the 'Off Topic' count when someone clicks 'Good Answer').

.

If doesn't matter that much what you label the choice, whether:

'off topic',

'cranial rectal impact symptom',

'further evidence of dunning-kreuger effect',

'I like ponies',

or, perhaps more straight-forwardly 'Bad Answer''

....the use will eventually be dictated by the effect, and if the effect is to offset any GA count, then is might as well be labeled 'Bad Answer'.

.

.

I think it would be far more interesting to let members rate a comment as a good/bad answer AND on/off topic.

.

It would also be valuable to show not just the net 'good' minus 'bad' or 'on' minus 'off' tally; even if the tally is near or at zero, knowing that a large number of members feel strongly enough to rate the comment and opinions are divided, is important.

.

.... I hope you find this comment to be good, even while it is obviously off topic.

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#14
In reply to #11

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 10:02 PM

Thanks again for the great information Regsoft.

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#7

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 2:24 AM

look at your question first and research it. Fewer poles/ fewer RPM's = more available power. Or, you can take the KISS approach and not over engineer it.

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#10
In reply to #7

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 9:37 PM

If we take several stators of induction motor(same no of slots and size) and wind each to run at a different speed (2P,4P,6P,8P)which will give the maximum horsepower,the low speed motor or high speed motor?.

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#18
In reply to #7

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/19/2012 10:02 AM

If a 50Hz induction motor(3000rpm) operates at 60Hz(3600rpm) will the increased mechanical forces cause any damage to bearing,shaft,rotor bars etc?.

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#19
In reply to #18

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/19/2012 11:29 AM

It will surely do.

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#22
In reply to #7

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/19/2012 11:08 PM

In saudi arabia in the eastern province(Hofuf town) in the 1980s frequency conversion was done from 50Hz to 60Hz in their power distribution system. I came to know that they replaced the governor springs of diesel engines driving storm water pumps to increase the speed. If they increase the speed won't there be any mechanical problems and can the same alternator give 60Hz?.

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#16

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/18/2012 10:37 PM

Thanks for all the positive feed back folks! I am re-posting both Part A and B as a direct answer. It was actually jut by accident that I saw the question but then had to respond. I am starting a new company and generally have not had time to read CR4 since Jan of 2012.

A)

The reason is lack of load. If you load the system or tie it into an existing 50Hz grid as it spins up it will sync to 50Hz. The system is designed to deliver X watts and must consume Y units of fuel to do so. The turbine control system will not begin to cut back on the fuel until it exceeds 50Hz.

Check the minimum load specification on the unit, until you exceed that minimum load the system will be above 50Hz.....

B)

I don't have time to read the manual for this device but...

one way is to manually intervene and hold the system to near the frequency of the grid you are attaching to before letting the controller take over. While near grid frequency, when the phase error is low connect the generator to the load. Then allow the automatic control system to take over. The generator will transfer power to the system by essentially pulling the grid forward in phase as the automatic control system takes over. If you are not supplying enough power to the generator it will actually draw power from the grid It is important to match phase when closing into an existing grid or you may trip other parts of the system getting your generator into sync with the rest of the system. (UGLY things can happen). You may also be able to just simply close into the grid when you are around 49Hz and the system will self synchronize as the power level is coming up.

If you are operating in island mode and picking up a cold load. As the system is spinning up close into the load when you hit 50Hz. If you don't have a minimum load on the generator it will over frequency the load. Depending on what the load is and how good the voltage regulation is, that can range from minimal to catastrophic!

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#21

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/19/2012 4:11 PM

The original question can be approached from the manufacturers point of view.

Most of the world runs on 50Hz, hence the designs are optimized for that. 60 Hz variant then is an off optimum design for yankees. To minimize having to design and keep too many different different parts in stock, leads to a 60Hz one being a derivative of the basic 50Hz one. Same turbine, same gearing (mostly or wholly), same mechanicals and magnetics in the generator. Different coils, different settings in the controllers.

The silicon steel used in the power industry has a significant hysteresis loop, hence losses turned into heating. At 60Hz vs. 50 it amounts to 20% higher heating from that source alone. To compensate, the heating from the coils need to be reduced by the same amount.

That explains it as a the general trend in the industry comfortably.

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#23

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/20/2012 12:42 AM

Mr. Won,

Since you posted the same basic question twice over a period of several months, I think you still don't understand the answer to your question. Are you comparing large-scale turbines such as the Siemens SGT5-8000H/SGT6-8000H and MHI M501G/M701G?

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#24

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/21/2012 3:21 PM

Phillipwon..

Based off this unit's Specs SGT5-8000H 375 Mwatt gas turbine

This is why your unit's output is higher at 50Hz

1Hz = 1/s So with this 60Hz=1/60s or 0.01666666666...s and 50Hz=1/50s or 0.02s this gives you 0.00333333...s over 60Hz =45830watts more power at 50Hz with all other things being equal.

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#25
In reply to #24

Re: Why 50 Hz Gas Turbine Power Output is Always Higher than 60 Hz?

08/21/2012 4:32 PM

The real reason is scaling in the turbine, as was pointed out by a responder to an earlier thread started by Mr. Won. One might be tempted to assume the SGT6-8000H (60Hz) was the same as the SGT5-8000H (50Hz) with only minor modifications, since there is such a slight change in model #. However, the 5 is really scaled up 20% dimensionally larger than the 6. This gives about a 44% larger (1.2 squared) flow area, and indeed the mass flow and power output are about 44% larger for the 50Hz machine. There is a pretty good article on the Siemens site about this. Similarly, the MHI 50Hz machine, M701G, is physically larger than the comparable 60Hz M501G.

I was hoping (and still do) that someone from one of the manufacturers would pipe up here, but I'll slog on. Gas turbines, being essentially derivatives of turbojet engines, were developed on similar timelines. After all, a gas turbine is basically a turbojet engine (known as gas generator in the GT) with a power turbine added to convert the jet velocity energy into mechanical energy. Jet engines began replacing recip engines when 3 or 4,000 HP was considered BIG. Because of fluid dynamics considerations, the corresponding machines ran at high RPM, in the range of 10 - 20,000 RPM, so gearboxes were necessary to drive generators at synchronous speed. (Since a gearbox was required anyway, the same turbine gave about the same KW at 50 or 60Hz, just by changing the gear ratio.) But as the technology progressed and engines got larger, the engine RPMs came down. To the point that these late-technology turbines operate at 3000 or 3600RPM and no gearbox is necessary. But, also due to fluid dynamics, a single shaft machine optimized for 60Hz (3600 RPM) would have terrible performance at 3000 RPM, so a different machine is required. Here I'm speculating a little. . . one way to derive a 50 Hz machine from a 60 Hz one is to 'supercharge' the compressor. If you start with an 8 stage 60 Hz compressor, design a new stage 1 and move the others down one stage, 1 becomes 2, 2 becomes 3, etc. This reduces the number of new parts and the overall design risk, since all but the new stage parts have been proven. But the new stage 1 is larger than the original stage 1, so the flow is larger and therefore the power output is too.

Bottom line, as RPM decreases the optimum size (as measured in flow and corresponding power) increases. So, for equivalent technology, a 50Hz turbine will be larger than 60Hz turbine.

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