Prostate cancer strikes 1 in 6 American men, mainly affecting males over the age of 65. The risk is lower for men under age 40 (1/10,000), but for those between 40 and 59, the risk grows to 1/39 and increases as a man ages. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), there have been 218,890 new cases and 27,050 deaths from prostate cancer in 2007.
So what is prostate cancer? In simple terms, it is a slow-growing malignancy which occurs in the tissue of a walnut-sized reproductive gland called the prostate. As you may remember from biology class, the prostate is located under the bladder in front of the rectum.
Age is correlated to the incidence of prostate cancer, but does not represent the only risk factor. Family history also plays an important role. According to a 2004 study from the University of Michigan, the brothers of a man diagnosed with prostate cancer are twice as likely to develop the disease. Other risk factors include race and genetics, diet and lifestyle, and environmental factors such as exposure to agricultural pesticides. For more information, visit the NCI's website.
Like other health conditions, prostate cancer may present various symptoms. According to the NCI, these include the following:
- Frequent urination (especially at night)
- Inability to urinate
- Trouble starting or holding back urination
- A weak interrupted flow of urine
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Painful ejaculation
- Frequent pain in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs
A doctor's appointment may be unpleasant, but don't wait to be tested until symptoms occur! Often, the symptoms of prostate cancer do not present themselves until the disease is in its later stages and the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. There are also non-cancerous conditions that cause these problems.
Screening for prostate cancer typically occurs in a doctor's office and includes a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. PSA is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels in a patient's blood may indicate prostate cancer; however, there are also non-cancerous conditions that can cause a rise in PSA levels. Many doctors advise all men over the age of 50 to have a yearly screening, and men who are at a higher risk for prostate cancer to begin annual screenings at age 40 or 45.
So is prostate cancer preventable? Research has shown that diet modification may help to lower your chances of prostate cancer, or help to slow the progression of the disease. Increasing the amount of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables in your diet is a good idea. As researchers study the causes of prostate cancer and develop new cures for this treatable disease, stay on top of your screenings and live a happy, healthy lifestyle.
Resources
https://www.prostatecancerfoundation.org/
https://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/prostate
|