On this day in engineering history, a B-52 Stratofortress
exploded in mid-air near Tracy,
California, claiming the lives of
all five crew members. The widely-publicized failure of this subsonic,
jet-powered, strategic bomber threatened the future of a fleet of Boeing-built
aircraft which U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff Nathan Twining billed as "the long
rifle of the air age". The crash near Tracy,
California also captured the
attention of Congressional critics who objected to the B-52 bomber's $8 million
(USD) price tag, then a sizable sum for a military program. Today, this
once-maligned aircraft is described by aviation historian Meg Greene as "the
most cost-effective bomber in American military history" – a true bargain bomber.
The B-52 Enters
Service
On June 29, 1955, the first production-quality B-52 bomber
entered service with the 93rd Heavy Bombardment Wing at Castle Air Force Base (AFB)
near Atwater, California. Although this Strategic Air
Command (SAC) wing did not become operational under March 12 of the following
year, B-52 crews trained regularly during the winter of 1956. Operations were
complicated by a lack of spare parts and inadequate ground facilities, however.
Ramps and runways groaned under the weight of the mammoth aircraft while leaks
and icing plagued the fuel system. Even worse, the Pratt & Whitney J57
engines required frequent service.
To minimize maintenance problems, the USAF staffed Castle AFB
with a Sky Speed team of 50 maintenance contractors. Nevertheless,
routine checks took as long as one week per aircraft. Then, even before the
first B-52s became operational in March of 1956, a fully-manned B-52 Stratofotress
exploded in mid-air. Called before Congress, SAC commander General Curtis LeMay
testified that a "serious component failure" with an alternator
flywheel had caused the crash. Eventually, the Air Force rejected 31 of the
first 78 B-52s that Boeing built, grounding its entire Stratofortress fleet on
several occasions.
Aerospace Engineering
and Public Relations
Fortunately for Generals Twining and LeMay,
Boeing and Pratt & Whitney promptly addressed a range of problems with the
B-52 Stratofortress. Although a second B-52 crashed in the spring of 1956, the
Stratofortress that dropped an H-bomb over Bikini Atoll on May 21, 1956 proved
the aircraft's prowess. Then, on November 27, 1956, a series of B-52 bombers
landed in Baltimore
after completing eight non-stop polar flights, the longest of which lasted 32.5
hours and covered 17,000 miles non-stop. One part military strategy and one
part public relations, Operation Quick Kick helped build the B-52s reputation
as, in the words of Meg Greene, "the safest ship in the air fleet".
Resources:
http://cr4.globalspec.com/blogentry/4070
http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj94/sum94/baker.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=PqGEXuzFS6QC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=b-52+expensive&source=web&ots=f7U6w8RB9R&sig=6vcoeShal2ZwB-SZglGwQAbCHa0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Air_Force_Base
http://cgi.ebay.com/Cold-War-Era-Boeing-B-52-Stratofortress-Pin_W0QQitemZ260211929549QQihZ016QQcategoryZ156441QQcmdZViewItem
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