The first equine clones, mules, were produced in 2003. Today, superior performance horses that are unable to pass-on their genes through breeding are being cloned; their offspring are beginning to grow up and reach maturity. It's no longer a question of whether cloning is possible, but a question of its effectiveness and acceptability in the various registries and associations of the equine world.
Cloning Today
Early cloning was more of a trial-and-error science experiment with unpromising success rates. Starting in 1997, ordinary animals, like Dolly the sheep, were used. In 2008, dogs could be cloned for $100,000 each and up.
To clone a horse today, a tissue sample is taken from the crest of the neck, and the cells are injected into an egg that has been emptied of genetic material. This egg is later implanted into a surrogate mare. An article in the January 2011 issue of Practical Horseman magazine explains the process as completed by the company ViaGen. The cost of the procedure is $150,000 per horse, and genetic material and storage fees are $1,500 annually.
According to a study of 14 clones produced using a similar method at the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, about 43% of the foals were normal. One died and the other survivors suffered abnormalities that required medical and surgical treatment. This could explain why ViaGen requires the clones it raises to stay on-premises for a period of a few months.
Famous Equine Clones
Gem Twist – The champion show jumper and Olympic medalist was unable to pass-on his genes because he was a gelding (castrated male). Gem Twist (shown in the photo to the right) was born brown and his coat changed to gray, and then white later in life. His clone, Gemini (shown in the photo above), was born brown and will be used for breeding.
Scamper – The barrel racer won 10 world championships before retiring. According to the owner of both horses, the clone Clayton shares traits such as looks, sounds, and a sensitive spot behind the ears with Scamper. Clayton will also be solely used for breeding.
Clones Not Considered
Many breed registries and performance associations still do not recognize clones. Included are the Jockey Club (thoroughbred registry) and American Quarter Horse Association. Others have yet to decide on a firm ruling.
Resources:
http://www.physorg.com/news152115527.html
http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=16743 [requires registration]
http://www.equisearch.com/equiwire_news/nancy_jaffer/jersey_fresh_tired_horses_051809/index1.aspx [image]
http://www.chadofarms.com/Memorials.htm [image]
More about cloning in the Animal Science blog:
Your Pet – Forever – For $100,000
Baby Showers – AI, ET, Surrogates, and Cloning (Part 2)
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