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What’s Wrong With This Radiolocation Interpretation For Einstein’s SR?

11/26/2007 1:39 PM

In 1904, one year prior to Einstein's famous paper, Lee de Forest patented a tool for deriving directions of electromagnetic (EM) events from differences in arrival times of their signals at separate receivers. De Forest's radiolocation concept, now used by the GPS, "spy" satellites, etc. to derive directions, locations and times of EM events, differs from tools Einstein used to derive Lorentz' transforms (LT). That is, De Forest's clocks need be rate synchronous only and resulting clock values depend on distances to the observed events but not on motion relative to other observers of the same events. While engineers have used this idea to accomplish amazing feats, I am unaware that physicists have ever even considered its potential theoretical implications.

The simple artifice of replacing synchronized clocks collocated with two EM events with electronic stopwatches triggered "on" and "off" by signals from those events defines a tool directly comparable to Einstein's clocks and rods. E.g., given any two SW values, C0' and C1' for any two EM events in any inertial frame the distance Dsw'/c and time Tsw' between those events are defined as (C0'+C1')/2 and (C0'-C1')/2 (with the convention that a SW value is negative if triggered "on" by the remote signal, otherwise positive). Let two collocated time-like events in one frame be observed from a second frame moving at relative velocity V'. In contrast to the first frame, clocks collocated with these events in this frame are separated by some distance D'sw and both signal propagation times are finite. But are they equal? They do not appear so from the first frame: That is after the first event, one clock is receding while the other is approaching the two events. Thus the "on" signal from the first event to the approaching clock in the second frame must, it seems, be less than the "off" signal to the receding clock. Given that the two events in the first frame are separated by time T, then relative to the first frame: P0' = T/(1-V'/c) -T and P1'= -T/(1+V'/c) +T. If one makes the (radical?) assumption that clocks rates are the same in both frames, then: C0'= P0'+T, C1'= P1'-T, Tsw'= T/[1- (V'/c)2] and Dsw'/c= T(V'/c)/[1- (V'/c)2], from which V'/c = Dsw'/cTsw'.

This asymmetry in signal propagation times contradicts Einstein's statement in his 1905 paper re time between two EM events A and B: "We have not defined a common "time" for A and B, for the latter cannot be defined at all unless we establish by definition that the "time" required by light to travel from A to B equals the "time" it requires to travel from B to A." This assumption guarantees that synchronized clocks measure time between EM events independent of distance, even though Einstein's own theory shows that the time and distance between EM events are not independent.

The above SW definitions for distance, time, and motion are relativistic. As such, while these versions are Newtonian for simultaneous and collocated EM events, otherwise they are non-Newtonian. They are also quantized, i.e., all three are derived from SW values whose accuracies are limited by quantization of EM signals. Since these definitions depend directly on signal propagation times from events to clocks they avoid the puzzling paradoxes of the LT. (E.g., Einstein's conclusion that relative motion between observers affects their clock rates and rod lengths is replaced by the derivable differences in signal propagation times from events to clocks due to differences in clock motion relative to those events.)

Further analysis not described here shows that the above definitions for time-like events apply to space-like events when the terms Dsw'/c and Tsw' are interchanged. And, that while differences between these physics are in theory testable, both pass the Frisch-Smith and Ives-Stillwell tests for time-dilation and transverse Doppler shifts.

I was surprised to find that de Forest's simple direction finder led so directly to an interpretation of Einstein's two principles of SR sans the paradoxical physics effects of his own explanation. However, given the legions of physicists who have as yet found no flaws in Einstein's explanation, odds are mine is seriously flawed. I need help!!

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#1

Re: What’s Wrong With This Radiolocation Interpretation For Einstein’s SR?

11/27/2007 8:45 AM

Help? No, you need Feynman. But you can't reach him anymore, so let me read through this a few times and see what I come up with. While not a theoretical physicist by profession, it is an avocation of mine. Verrry interesting...

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#2

Re: What’s Wrong With This Radiolocation Interpretation For Einstein’s SR?

11/27/2007 10:16 PM

Hi Mac,

Maybe I can help after all by pointing out a flaw in your thinking.

Einstein's statement in his 1905 paper re time between two EM events A and B: "We have not defined a common "time" for A and B, for the latter cannot be defined at all unless we establish by definition that the "time" required by light to travel from A to B equals the "time" it requires to travel from B to A."

The only way the time from A to B will equal the time from B to A is if A and B are not moving relative to each other.

This assumption guarantees that synchronized clocks measure time between EM events independent of distance,

I don't see an assumption here. Einstein is stating a fact that moving objects have independent time scales. How do you synchronize clocks with different time scale involved?

S

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#3
In reply to #2

Re: What’s Wrong With This Radiolocation Interpretation For Einstein’s SR?

11/28/2007 9:30 AM

S: Einstein was simply assuming that the time for an EM signal to travel between clocks fixed at two points "A" and "B" in any inertial frame is the same in both directions, an assumption that ensures synchronized clocks do in fact measure the time between EM events collocated with these clocks independent of their separation in distance. My point is that his own theory shows (as reflect by the LT) that the distance and time between EM events are not independent values. As a result, synchronized clocks give the "correct" time (consistent with SR) only for simultaneous EM events. (Of course, when one measures travel time of EM signals between any two points in any inertial frame independently in both directions they are always equal and Newtonian. This does not mean, however, that propagation times of signals from events to clocks at those points are equal in all inertial frames. My example of collocated EM events in one frame observed from a second moving frame illustrates this point.)

My whole point is that synchronized clocks by their very design ignore the dependency that Einstein's theory shows exists between distance and time between EM events measured by inertial observers. This issue is avoided in my "stopwatch" tool since the effect of observer motion on distances from observed events to measurement clocks, and thus on propagtion times of signals from those events, are derivable values. In this physics distance and time between EM events are dependent functions of more elemental SW values measured by clocks synchronized in rate only.

Moreover, it is clear that to satisfy spatial isotropy, observers of collocated EM events moving at the same speed but in different directions must measure the same distance and time between these events; i.e., that their clocks must be rate synchronous indpendent of their own relative motions.

Mac

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#4
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Re: What’s Wrong With This Radiolocation Interpretation For Einstein’s SR?

11/28/2007 10:31 PM

Hi Mac,

You were asking for help, but every effort is met with resistance. You keep speaking of synchronisity and simultaneity. These are not simple concepts when relativistic speeds are concerned. In Einsteins book Relativity on page 23 he says: "That light requires the same time to traverse the path A→M as for the path B→M is in reality neither a supposition nor a hypothesis about the nature of light, but a stipulation I can make of my own free will in order to arrive at a definition of simultaneity."

You seem now to have your mind made up. By the way, what is your stopwatch tool? Is it something you are trying to sell?

S

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#5
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Re: What’s Wrong With This Radiolocation Interpretation For Einstein’s SR?

11/29/2007 1:42 PM

My "stopwatch" (SW) tool is not for sale althought many billions of dollars have been spent in applying its physics in the form of GPS, radar, electronic reconnaissance "spy" satillites, radio astronomy, etc. My tool simply allows comparison of this now proven radiolocation physics with the Newtonian physics Einstein used to derive the Lorentz transforms (LT). As I show, assuming the validity of Einstein's two principles of SR, this physics leads to slightly different SW transforms wherein differences between observers of the same EM events come solely from differences in signal propagation times from those events, assuming that clock rates are the same for both observers.

This physics suggests that the pardoxes and seemingly unexplainable shifting clocks rates and rod lengths of the LT (and associated spacetime physics) might instead be assigned to signal propagation times of EM signals. Initial analysis shows that this physics predicts values for time-dilation and transverse Doppler shift that pass the Frisch-Smith and Ives-Stillwell tests.

While the real-world utility of this physics has been proven in practice, applying it to theoretical physics requires close scrutiny. I certainly agree with Einstein's definition for simultaneity of two separated events. However, in his 1905 paper he assumed--to justify use of time synchronized clocks to measure time between any two EM events--that signal propagation times are also equal for non-simultaneous events. Based on his own principles of SR, that show time and disance between EM events are dependent variables, and on modern radiolocation techniques that show these propagation times are not equal, it seems to me that it can be argued that this assumption holds only for simultaneous events.

I appreciate you attempts to help but must admit I fail to grasp the specific objections you have re these ideas.

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EnviroMan (1); Mac (2); StandardsGuy (2)

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