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tire explosion problem help

04/28/2008 5:38 PM

Hello,

Any mech engg. gurus, I need help on this one:

You witnessed the failure of a nylon rim which exploded injuring the person filling the tire with air. Develop a documented mathematical model that predicts the time required to reach a specific pressure. Your results are to be tabulated and plotted. Specifically predict the time to change from 100 kPa to 800 kPa. Assume the process is adiabatic and that the tire volume may be represented by a Torus (doughnut). In order work this problem you have to solve for pressure by iterating forwards in time.

Given:

Tire size 25 cm x 8 cm (outside diameter x width)

Rim diameter 11 cm

Air line pressure 1380 kPa

Initial tire pressure 100 kPa

Airline pipe area 32 mm2

Valve orifice area 6 mm2

Initial tire temp 16°C

Help needed: I already obtained the necessary formulas for the volume of torus and the thermodynamic equations. But I'm confused on what mass flow rate equation to use to utilize the area of the valve orifice and the airline pipe. I assumed the process to be reversible, adiabatic.

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#1

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/28/2008 10:47 PM

I understand you need a chart pressure - required time to fill something with air at specific pressure. Why you do not buy an air gun or other device with air pressure gauge attached that can show you continuously the pressure inside the tire? It easier and practical.

Second: assuming you work for a company where you use to fix the tires, why you do not build a steel safety cage to put the tire into it during the inflating procedure. In case the operator fail to disconnect and the explosion occurs at least the worker is not hurt.

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#2
In reply to #1

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/29/2008 1:28 AM

The reason he won't buy an air gun with a pressure gauge or build a steel cage for inflating tires is because neither of those things will solve his homework problem.

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#3
In reply to #2

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/29/2008 5:33 AM

A regulator at compressor tank output would suffice

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#30
In reply to #2

Re: tire explosion problem help

05/02/2008 8:41 AM

I agree this sounds strangely like a homework problem. I think he used the exact text from the book. What is this for, Fluid Dynamics?

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#4
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Re: tire explosion problem help

04/29/2008 11:15 PM

So, its not mandatory to fill tires while already in a steel "safety cage" ?

I know most of the tire dealers in the area where I live have those safety cages, wether they use them or not is a different story

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#6
In reply to #4

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 12:39 AM

Hell!Safety cage an obvious and good idea.

Nonetheless, I live in Atlanta and have never seen anything of the sort, big shop or small shop.

Is there a code specifying such anywhere?

j.

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#5

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/29/2008 11:56 PM

Surprising!

You do not have pressure regulator which continuously senses pressure in tyre. It releases pressure, even if the pressure rises beyond set pressure by any reason (by overshoot/undershoot phenomenon)

I hope you are not from underdeveloped country.

Here in India, I do not think, such accidents are there, thanks to pressure regulators.

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#7

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 2:20 AM

It seems that becoming an engineer these days is no longer worth the paper its printed on. These guys try to get there projects done on this site without having to apply their minds. What kind of engineers will they make?????

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#10
In reply to #7

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 8:03 AM

This guy will more than likely make a very good engineer because he/she asks questions and isn't afraid to know when stuck on a problem. I for one encourage any brainstorming.

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#15
In reply to #7

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 9:33 AM

Probably this person will make a good engineer. He/she knows when to ask questions. I for one am all for brainstorming. I like it. D

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#23
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Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 8:47 PM

Hands on type

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#8

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 7:10 AM

I am not sure about the OSHA safety regs. But I know around here that the safety cages are generally only used when mounting a new or used tire on a rim that uses a split ring. Not practical for mounting car and light truck tires as the bead is seated while the tire is still mounted to the tire machine. Many times the operator must hold the tire up on the outer bead to get the tire to seat. Yes, there is a pressure gauge on the machine to show the pressure in the tire. The one I used to use had foot pedals for the air valves. One for bead seating and another for inflating the tire. The operator had to stand there and watch the gauge while filling the tire. Accidents do happen. I know one guy that tried to mount a 16.1" tire on a 16" rim. The explosion took off his hat and part of his scalp. Along with the fingers on his hand that was resting on the rim where the bead seats. I realize the question is about a small tire that would not fit in the machine I used as it is about 10" in diameter. I am just relating my experience in the area as a means to reinforce what has been stated by others and answer the questions about cages. I guess if he/she wants a time study I would recommend seating the bead on the tire and fill with a regulator connected to the hose. Time the filling portion with a stop watch. Do this a few times and take an average. I do not see the need for the calculations for something so easily checked. As for the 100kPa starting pressure, that will vary from tire to tire. The side wall strength, temperature of the tire, and skill of the operator are all variables that will affect that initial pressure.

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 7:56 AM

Obviously, by the answers being provided by some individuals; this represents a real challenge for the "engineers" which also have some type of schemas. I am out.

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#13
In reply to #9

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 8:51 AM

Obviously, by the answers being provided by some individuals; I (we) recognize that this is sounds like a home work assignment and do not wish to go through school again. Possibly answers would be different if the question was asked stating whether or not it was a real world problem or homework. Could be I am wrong. It happens occasionally. I at least signed for my reply. Why didn't you?

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#16
In reply to #13

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 9:34 AM

agreed

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#11

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 8:06 AM

Whats the cubic inch inside the tire?

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level.

How many cubic inches of air are needed to raise the pressure 1 atmosphere, or whatever is required?

What is the rate of flow into the tire?

What is the stored pressure?

As pressure inside the tire increases, will the rate of inflation slow down or stay the same?

Just a few things to consider while doing your homework!

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#12

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 8:44 AM

I think "The Mechanic" has given you the most reasonable answers to your question, but I wonder if everyone has missed one thing. The rim in question was nylon and not steel. What are the manufacturers specs. on that rim. I have never seen a nylon rim. Also sounds like it may have been one of those emergency doughnut spares ,rather than a full size tire mounted on a steel wheel. Either way there should be manufacturers specs. on both the rim and the tire. Also, you can never rule out manufacturers defects in both tire or rim. That is why you should use the safety cage, but I have watched while tires were mounted on my car at a local tire dealer where a man was killed several years ago, due to an exploding tire and they still did not use the cage.

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#14

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 9:06 AM

great question even better replies but one i ask is who has been the person able to come up with a high presured rim mount tyre made out of nylon or any other composite material for that matter that has the physical dimensions you have posted?

what is the actual end use of the entire rim assembly to be?

does the tyre have a inner tube, what are its chemical and physical characteristics?

/da ber

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#17

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 10:46 AM

Most people (including myself) never think about the calculations asked about here but rely on a pressure gauge to tell them when they have enough air in a tire. I guess someone at some point did allot of figuring on the pressure capacities of different tires and came up with marking each tire with an appropriate pressure so people would not hurt themselves. Those tire cages you see sometimes in shops are for the old split ring type rims and I think the reason you hardly ever see them being used is that no makes those rims anymore. I remember a local tire guy got killed back in the early 80's from one of those rings becoming a missile when he was installing a tire. The things seem to pop off right when you look over the tire to re-install the valve stem after airing up the tire. It seems to me that it was about this time that the steel cages were starting to be used. Back in the late 80's a buddy had a flat tire on his welding truck out on his farm in south Texas and was no where near an air pump. After thinking awhile he came up with the not so smart idea of filling the tire with compressed oxygen from his cutting rig on the truck. He said that he had seen it done before and it worked fine that time so he gave it a try. He woke up in intensive care in the hospital 6 weeks later and was told he would never hear anything again. His father in law that was standing near when aired up the tire nearly lost his leg when a piece of the truck hit him as well. I have read where some people use other compressed gases than air in their tires and I know this may be considered off topic but but I would like to tell everyone not to put oxygen in a tire.

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#19
In reply to #17

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 1:00 PM

Back in high school we were also warned to not use the oxygen from a cutting torch to blow the dust off of our clothes. Really bad idea.

Common knowledge is only common if it is spread around.

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#20
In reply to #19

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 1:04 PM

My favorite philosopher said " You can't fix stupid."

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#21
In reply to #20

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 1:39 PM

Bob, You are so right, I used to think that safety rules were designed protect stupid people from hurting themselves. Now I think they are designed more to protect the companies stupid people work for from losing out if someone breaks a rule and hurts themselves. lets face it all accidents usually have someone doing something that they shouldn't even if is as simple as not watching what they are doing. Even people who are very sharp occasionally have a "stupid moment" and get into an accident. The way I see it there are certain unbreakable rules that any one that has an smudging of common since should be able to follow. By saying unbreakable I mean without paying a consequence for breaking. For example things like jump off a building that is to high and the landing will hurt! Dive to deep in the ocean and you will give out of air! Steel is harder than flesh and bone so keep your fingers away from all moving parts! the list goes on and on but over inflating a tire with the maximum pressure plainly written on the side wall is high up on the list.

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#22
In reply to #21

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 5:57 PM

I used to be a truck driver. on one occasion, I had a tyre replaced on the outer rear of the truck - while the wheel was still on the vehicle. The fitter kept blowing air into the tyre to get it to seat on the rim. Eventually, his boss came over and told him to stop, as the pressure was "a little high" (more than twice the rated value!)

The solution was to grab a sledgehammer, and skelp the sidewall with it. No parts went flying, but the neighbours did not approve of the noise.

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#18

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 11:24 AM

If the person filling the tire can not use a pressure gauge, what makes you think they will not override the timer you want by pushing the start cycle again. A sealed pressure regulator is what will stop over-pressure explosions. A safety cage is what will stop catastrophic explosions from defective products.

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#24

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 8:56 PM

tashkent,

The question is subjective, where is the data on the nylon rim??

How will increased safety of the worker will come from this?

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#25

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 9:13 PM

tashkent,

compressor cubic feet per/minute etc.?

The Mechanic I believe has nailed it shut.

In real world conditions regardless a regulator at the compressor out put set @ 2% less than maximum specified tire pressure would suffice, no matter if tech spaced the time frame for fill.

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#26

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 9:57 PM

back in the 60's I saw a film by Goodyear or Firestone about what can happen while filling tires and what damage can be done to a cage if a spit rim is mounted improperly I still today do not like to fill a large tire and on small tires I keep my fingers away from the rubber i want to keep them

nitrogen is now starting to be used to as a filler

nick

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#27
In reply to #26

Re: tire explosion problem help

04/30/2008 11:42 PM

Nitrogen? nah use Hydrogen, it'll make the wheel lighter, and gives more bang for the buck :D

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#28

Re: tire explosion problem help

05/01/2008 12:25 AM

Tire explosions are still a very real problem. Regulators, and timers are all well and good. But what pressure is safe if that aluminum or plastic wheel has bounced off of a curb? What about that pothole that just popped the tire of the rim? What will happen when you put 44PSI in that rim ? Those cages are what will keep you walking, not a stopwatch. In November Fort Lauderdale Airport decided to replace the inflated tires on the jet-ways with solid tires. There was a three man crew that was changing out the tires. The procedure that was written called for jacking up the wheel, deflating the tire, then drilling a hole in the sidewall to be sure there was no pressure.

One jet-way had a flat tire. The crew decided to skip the drilling procedure because the tire was flat. The style of rim on these jet-ways is a two piece design, similar to a golf cart tire. The two halves just bolt together with the same bolts that hold the wheel to the axle. After removing about half of the retaining bolts the rim split in two. One man, who weighed over three hundred pounds, was hit in the leg with the rim half. He lost his leg above the knee, and had broken ribs and other cuts and bruises. Rick was behind him and was thrown back into the truck, knocking him unconscious and bruising him badly. Jeff who just barley weighs one hundred pounds, was thrown over the hood of the truck, landing twenty feet away. He was not aware of how or why he was on the other side of the truck. It took rescue crews ten minutes to realize he was injured in the accident. Part of the reason for the change in tire style was that the maintenance people were not comfortable with the inflation procedure. They could not put the tire in a cage. They had to rely on chains to prevent tire explosions.

The tire on that jet-way was thought to be flat. The tire was low enough to let the rim touch the ground, but still contained enough nitrogen to do this.

How much good would a timer have done here? USE THE CAGE!

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#29

Re: tire explosion problem help

05/01/2008 7:16 AM

In all fairness to the poster, I believe this to be a home work assignment. The calculations are what are important in this case. Not their application.

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#31

Re: tire explosion problem help

05/02/2008 8:58 AM
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