The Maya were a mesoamerican culture that fluorished in the first millennia AD, though is thought to have been around long before that . Before the Maya there were the Olmecs, a civilation that started around 1200 BC and lasted about a millennia. The Olmecs are generally regarded as the culture from which the Mayans, and later the Aztecs and Incas evolved. There has been some speculation that the Olmecs or their predecessors were a west African culture that migrated across the Atlantic, though there is little evidence as far as I know to support this premise (though I personally believe in some sort of contact or interaction with a west african culture due to the coincidence of written language).
Researchers have found a tablet that has been dated to around 900 BC and contains writing. The tablet, found in an Olmec site in 1999 is believed to have the syntax and repeating symbols consistent with writing (as opposed to decorative art). This tablet is the oldest evidence of writing in a Mesoamerican culture by several hundred years and is a significant find.