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Guru

Join Date: Feb 2008
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Multiple Feed Power and Distortion Challenges

09/24/2008 9:27 AM

I have a system of electronic equipment mounted in a vehicles. I have a temporary arrangement of portable single phase generators (typical house generator) using multiple outputs (120) to feed into a power distrubution box which is then switched and distributed to vehicle electronics and ground support (cooling systems) equipment.

It is a bit of a kluge to demonstrate/test several vehicles at the same time. I have power cables running amuck since I have several systems being tested simultaneously that are physically located closer to support equipment (normal fielded application is 50 to 100 feet away). Thus I have quite a ground cover of coiled power cords.

Under the circumstances of electronic equipment (switching power supplies), I do find, and somewhat expect, harmonic distortion as seen by a power quality analyzer. I feed this distributed power to some UPSs (yet another switch mode power supply) and measure total harmonic distortion (THD) as high as 29% (3rd harmonic surprisingly high). In one case a UPS goes into "disable bypass" mode indicative of incoming frequency and/or voltage being out of tolerance (theory is harmonic is high enough in magnitude to cause the UPS frequency counter to read 180Hz?).

Is 29% a reasonable THD? Is it reasonable to expect that such distortion would cause a UPS bypass sense to trip? Should I consider filtering/conditioning? Should I use a more capable generator(s)?

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Guru
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#1

Re: Multiple feed power and distortion challenges

09/24/2008 11:40 AM

Typical house generators are known to produce 'dirty' power. They are generally noisy, have a slow response to changes in load, and are usually run close to their limits.

(we had an earlier blog this past week where the startup power of an AC actually exceeded the power output of the generator.)

Most generators work most efficiently when operating no more then 75% of its rating. When sizing the generators, you should use the start up power of all the equipment and add a safety factor.

The other problem may be your long cables. Anything more then about 50 feet will drop enough voltage and cause enough distortion to significantly affect the output. (My table saw will not even get up to speed if I have 2 or 3 50' extension cords between the power source and the saw.) Here are a few cures for the distortions caused by the long cables.

The UPS is more than likely to be reading undervoltage due to the distortion.

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Guru
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#2

Re: Multiple Feed Power and Distortion Challenges

09/24/2008 8:57 PM

I would place a few isolating transformers between the UPSs and the rest of your distribution system. Doing so should sequester some of the harmonics for you in the separately derived systems. This was a common practice in industry during the early years of the switch to VFDs from variable speed mechanical drives.

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