Inductance is pretty complex but to give a basic answer to your question it is an electromagnetic property that resists changes in current magnitude (Alternating or pulsed current). The effective resistance increases with frequency. This property is used with resistors, capacitors etc to construct filters. Filters can be tailored to reduce specific frequencies.
Google the following terms...
Inductance
RL filter
LC filter
Low pass filter
High pass filter
Band Pass filter
Band stop filter
Active filter
You will find a wealth of information. After you do some research and have an understanding of the basics, come back and ask more specific questions.