1. Controlled extraction is accomplished by having a separate set of control valves downstream of the inlet control valves backing up pressure in one section of the turbine.
Uncontrolled extraction is taking a flow from a stage in the turbine to a feed heater etc. that varies with load.
One set of control valves can only control one function, speed, load or flow.
2.The best vacuum is maintained by controlling leakage of air into the system. Most other things like cooling water temp etc. you don't have much control over.
3. There are no purely reaction or impulse turbines, so I guess that is still a question.
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