Oxygen Index is the indicator of flame retardant or self extinguishing nature of a material. The More details available BS 2782. Oxygen concentration of normal air is about 21 % . So oxygen index of 21 or less is easily ignited.So the insulation material with Oxygen Index of 30 or more is considered necessary for cable sheath to be fire retardant cable.
A temperature index of 260 ° Centigrade is considered necessary for Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSOH) sheathing material.
Cable manufacturers use wide range of material for LSOH cable They state that they use Polymers of Elastomeric Types like silicon based ,EPR based , PE and EVA based. As electrical engineers we do not go deep in to the materials used for sheathing we believe in the tests recommended by relevant standards.
More technical details, only a chemical engineer can provide.