generally indian railway they using input power control method to control the train speed. they using tap changing transformer to control the input power to induction motor. by changing the tap of transformer that is setup or setdown the input voltage to motor(increasing or decreasing the train speed). P=V*I*P.F
Generally the speed of these Motors are controlled by VFDs (to maintain good starting / running torque and to regulate high starting current) ( v/f ratio will be the deciding factor)