The difference between heat absorption/conventional cooling systems

I assume you are referring to the difference between an absorption chiller and a mechanical chiller. Basically they both work the same way. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the inside environment through a heat exchanger causing it to boil. It is then condensed at a higher temperature that allows the heat to be rejected to the outside environment.

In a mechanical chiller, the refrigerant (usually freon) is compressed causing its temperature to rise to where it is hotter than the ambient temperature or wetbulb temperature so heat can be transferred to the outside environment.

In an absorption chiller, the refrigerant (pure water) boils in a low pressure (vacuum) environment cooling the evaporator section (it is important that air is purged from the unit or the efficiency degrades sharply). A highly hygroscopic salt solution absorbs the water vapor maintaining the vacuum. The salt solution is continuously regenerated by boiling off water vapor with an external heat source. The high temperature water vapor can then reject heat to the outside environment (in another section of the absorber) and condense back as pure water draining to the evaporator section. Various heat exchangers are used to improve overall efficiency and add to the complexity of the absorber chiller.

I am sure that sketches of chillers and absorbers -- with how they function can be obtained from product data at manufacturer's web sites. Trane, York, Carrier, Hitachi etc. should have data under products/commercial refrigeration.