Standard road use tyre and sport use tyre

There is a book by Paul Haney you need to reference: The Racing & High-Performance Tire. It will cover these differences and others iirc.

I don't know the chemistry...

but I am familiar with the application.

Tire compound design is based on the application. Tires for normal transportation are expected to last thousands of miles, race compounds at most two hours. It relates to how tire temperature is managed.

Street tires last longer if they are designed to reduce heat build-up, this helps to reduce wear. Race tires need heat to provide adhesion. At operating temperature, they stick like duct tape. The reason they do not last long is the contact surface rubs off under cornering forces. This worm off material is referred to as "marbles".

I have a ball made from marbles collected after a Trans-Am race. I was a safety worker and we were checking the race surface after the 100 mile race. We could feel our boots stick as we walked. I collected hot rubber blobs and pressed them together in my glove. The ball is the size of a baseball and just as hard at room temperature.