In this method of excitation the field winding is energized or excited by a separate dc source. With the application of separate dc source the field coils are energized and produces the magnetic flux. This type of excitation is know as separate excitation.
Self Excited Machine.
In this method of excitation the field coils or field winding is excited or energized by the machine itself. So, the excitation of field winding by machine itself is to produce magnetic flux is knows as self excitation.