Photonic band gap crystals are materials with the unique property that certain wavelengths of light are forbidden. If an defect is introduced into the material, the forbidden wavelength can travel with out loss, confined to the defect in the crystal. This allows 90 degree turns without loss and will no doubt play a crucial role in the creation of efficient optical circuits in the future.
Presently, creating PBG crystals is an expensive process. Scientists at Ames laboratory have found a much cheaper way to make PBG crystals.
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