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Zinc Accretion on Electrode - Thought Experiment

12/27/2010 6:55 PM

This is about the accretion of zinc ions on electrodes in biological systems. Proof of concept in biological systems is provided by Joseph Wang's work using a carbon fiber electrode sensor to measure zinc levels in vivo.

Please consider the following experimental conditions and post your reasoning about the expected results re: zinc accumulation on implanted electrodes.

Let us suppose that all of the experimental animals are implanted with several wireless neurostimulator prototypes made from different conductive materials: platinum, iridium, polyimide and PEDOT. The devices are designed to receive stimulus pulse trains from an external transmitter or linear amplifier in the cage.

The animals are then divided into two groups, one of which is given an ordinary zinc supplement, and the second group is given a chelated zinc supplement.

Animals from both groups are allocated to the following treatments:
(1) stimulus at the usual levels for therapeutic treatments (low level pulsed stimulus)
(2) stimulus at levels that produce gross motor dyscontrol, severe choking or gastrointestinal symptoms, and other major side effects (high level pulsed stimulus)
(3) no stimulus (control)

On the assumption that zinc from the supplements will be attracted to electrically active electrodes:
- Which electrode material will attract and accumulate the most zinc and why? Feel free to discuss other materials than those named.
- which level of stimulus signal will attract and accumulate the most zinc? (Ok, can you confirm in principle that higher levels of stimulus signal will attract more metal)
- what differences, if any, are expected in experimental groups with ordinary zinc vs chelated zinc supplements?

Last question, assuming that the stimulus signal is completely programmable, what change of parameters would be expected to release the zinc accumulations from the electrodes.

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#1

Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/27/2010 7:09 PM

"On the assumption that zinc from the supplements will be attracted to electrically active electrodes:..."

I'm no kind of chemist, but why should zinc (or anything else) be attracted to an electrode which would be electrically neutral at DC? (The electrode would presumably have an AC excitation signal with respect to an earthing electrode (pad on arm, leg or whatever). I'm happy to be educated, however I've got it wrong.

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#2
In reply to #1

Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/27/2010 7:26 PM

Too late to edit, but from the link in the OP:

"The response is reversible with the stripping/measurement step completely removing the accumulated zinc."

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#4
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Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/27/2010 7:49 PM

Yes I saw that. I have read stuff at NINDS NIW about waveforms that cancel out accretion effects. In a neurostimulator system involving the eyes, electrochemical deposits form if charge imbalanced waveforms are used for the stimulus pulse train. They are removable by reversing the waveform for the same period of time afaict.

Or if you switch to a balanced waveform, it stops accumulating.

I wondered if there are other actions that would reverse accumulations. Would accumulations (if they are expected) dissipate in biological systems over short time spans. Or is there some other applicable mechanism.

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#3
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Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/27/2010 7:39 PM

I'm talking about a wireless receiver for a stimulus pulse train. I am no electrician! so I look forward to learning something about your question.

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#5
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Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/27/2010 7:53 PM

I was originally jumping to assumptions about externally applied electrodes. Thinking about something on or in the body, with a wireless connection, makes it simpler:

There can be no net charge on the receiver. If it is polarized (has one end positively charged with respect to the other), then maybe zinc (or anything else) could possibly accumulate on the charged ends. This would be a bad design!

As your cited paper explains, the zinc is attracted to the electrode while polarized in one sense, but is repelled when the polarity is reversed, leaving no net accumulation.

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#6
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Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/27/2010 8:00 PM

Thanks John DG.

That's the principle I was looking for. Simple reversal of polarity.

The device I'm talking about is designed to send electrical impulses to the nervous system. I'm thinking electrons, negative discharges into the body. As in DBS or VNS type devices for example. I would expect a surplus negative charge at the stimulator end, therefore capacity to attract ions. Am I mistaken?

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#7
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Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/27/2010 8:17 PM

I really don't know much about this, but I'd've thought an "electrical impulse" would be an AC excitation, rather than an injection of charge.

Handing over to someone (anyone?) who knows.

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#8
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Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/29/2010 8:53 AM

I could not pull up the link, so I'm not exactly sure what you are trying to do. However, it sounds a lot like anodic stripping voltammetry.

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#9
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Re: zinc accretion on electrode - thought experiment

12/29/2010 9:12 AM

For some reason the original URL has stopped working.

Try this link.

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