ASTM Grain Size

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Document Summary

Copyright 2007 ASTM International. All rights reserved.

ACTIVE STANDARD: E112-96(2004)e2 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

Developed by Subcommittee: E04.08
See Related Work by this Subcommittee
Adoptions:
Book of Standards Volume: 03.01

1. Scope

1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of average grain size and include the comparison procedure, the planimetric (or Jeffries) procedure, and the intercept procedures. These test methods may also be applied to nonmetallic materials with structures having appearances similar to those of the metallic structures shown in the comparison charts. These test methods apply chiefly to single phase grain structures but they can be applied to determine the average size of a particular type of grain structure in a multiphase or multiconstituent specimen.

1.2 These test methods are used to determine the average grain size of specimens with a unimodal distribution of grain areas, diameters, or intercept lengths. These distributions are approximately log normal. These test methods do not cover methods to characterize the nature of these distributions. Characterization of grain size in specimens with duplex grain size distributions is described in Test Methods E 1181. Measurement of individual, very coarse grains in a fine grained matrix is described in Test Methods E 930.

1.3 These test methods deal only with determination of planar grain size, that is, characterization of the two-dimensional grain sections revealed by the sectioning plane. Determination of spatial grain size, that is, measurement of the size of the three-dimensional grains in the specimen volume, is beyond the scope of these test methods.

1.4 These test methods describe techniques performed manually using either a standard series of graded chart images for the comparison method or simple templates for the manual counting methods. Utilization of semi-automatic digitizing tablets or automatic image analyzers to measure grain size is described in Test Methods E 1382.

1.5 These test methods deal only with the recommended test methods and nothing in them should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability or fitness of purpose of the materials tested.

1.6 The measured values are stated in SI units, which are regarded as standard. Equivalent inch-pound values, when listed, are in parentheses and may be approximate.

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.7 The paragraphs appear in the following order:

2. Referenced Documents

E1181 Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain Sizes
E1382 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size Using Semiautomatic and Automatic Image Analysis
E3 Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
E562 Practice for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
E883 Guide for Reflected-Light Photomicrography
E930 Test Methods for Estimating the Largest Grain Observed in a Metallographic Section (ALA Grain Size)

Index Terms

ALA grain size; anisotropy index; area fraction; ASTM grain size number; calibration; equiaxed grains; etchant; grain boundary; grains; grain size; intercept count; intercept length; intersection count; non-equiaxed grains; twin boundaries; 19.120

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