Design

There is no single book.

It takes many books and much time to learn about instrumentation and the use and specification of them.

Go to school. Get a degree in engineering and then get a job in the petroleum or process industry for a few years.

Or, get catalogues and manuals from all the instrument manufacturers you can find on the web and study them.

It takes working, not wanting.

This might be a good place to start.

Well that 2739 page monster comes about as close to a single book on the subject.

Before the internet this question would be impossible and laughed at, now with a quick internet search (most) of the answers are at your fingertips with a quick internet search.

You still need an instrumentation or engineering certificate or degree (etc) also.

Let the self learning begin!

_{Jack - has internet access and both an instrumentation certificate and engineering degree.}