Previous in Forum: Explosion Proof Motor   Next in Forum: CT Protection Classes
Close
Close
Close
4 comments
Rating: Comments: Nested
Active Contributor

Join Date: Jun 2013
Posts: 10

Autorecloser Instantaneous Based on Line Splice Rating / Conductor Damage Curve?

07/24/2013 12:32 AM

Good day,

I am brainstorming a coordination problem whereby the instantaneous highset of an autorecloser has to be set for a 12kV feeder. The feeder starts with a relay at the 12kV bus of the substation. The relay has an instantaneous setting which is purposefully set lower than the maximum short circuit level at the substation (the feeder impedance is small compared to the transmission line impedance so this may be considered the max sc level for the feeder). The problem is this instantaneous setting is a high 3000A when compared to the type of feeder conductor (4/0 AWG AAC with ampacity of 383). The first autorecloser downstream of the station relay is set with overcurrent protection pickup of 375 A and definite time pickup of 500A (for fault current protection). These settings are good for the fuse saving scheme implemented.

The problem involves setting the instantaneous overcurrent for this autorecloser (AR). Usually this is done based on the maximum short circuit level on the load side of the auto. However short circuit analysis is not done on the feeders. It is only done up to the 12kV bus at the station and the calculation would be very complicated (alot of tee-offs to deal with. This is not an option). Furthermore, the conductor is derated and has alot of line splices. Will it make sense setting the instantaneous of the AR based on the maximum current these line splices will handle before immediate failure or should the splices be completely ignored and the instantaneous be set based on the damage curve of the conductor? (Splice used is GL-409a Anderson and Fargo Aluminum automatic. Could not find information on the maximum current these could handle either).

N.B. I have even been advised to remove the instantaneous element of the AR completely and rely on the station relay's instantaneous setting as this really is the max sc level of the feeder. Would not doing this leave the feeder susceptible to splice failure? Sorry for long post been trying to solve this for days. Would appreciate any calculations with answers.

Was using page 6 of this document as a source:

https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/810d4fdaca565c6acdc08ccbfc7a35bf_2013HORSAvistaDistributionOverview.pdf

Register to Reply
Interested in this topic? By joining CR4 you can "subscribe" to
this discussion and receive notification when new comments are added.

Good Answers:

These comments received enough positive votes to make them "good answers".
4
Guru
Engineering Fields - Power Engineering - New Member

Join Date: May 2007
Location: NYC metropolitan area.
Posts: 3230
Good Answers: 444
#1

Re: Autorecloser Instantaneous Based On Line Splice Rating / Conductor Damage Curve?

07/24/2013 10:14 AM

I believe those connectors are covered by ANSI C119.4 and possibly IEEE 404. At the currents you're talking about I doubt that you'll get anywhere near the heating that would result in conductor damage given the short time duration.

But, and it's a big but, there may be forces at work here that are traditionally ignored, especially given the fact that you have multiple splices on each line.

First risk is that the current passes through all these (less than perfect) joints; if there is any significant resistance in a series of them then you might not get the current level that you expect at the fault.

Second risk is repeated cycling might cause some thermal creep or annealing of the conductor under the jaws and the joints get worse each time.

The third is most bothersome and least documented, the effect of the maximum currents and the consequently high mechanical forces being placed on the conductors. In a substation or in switchgear everything is mechanically braced so theoretically nothing moves very far. Here you have unrestrained conductors with splices in them which begs the question of will the splices have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the longitudinal forces as the conductors are whipped during the worst case fault.

I doubt there's any way to know for sure except for direct testing of a typical section of line with a number of splices in it. If you work for a utility then you probably have access to a test facility that can do this for you. That's what I would do to get a definitive answer to this particular situation, you could even write an IEEE paper and publish your results.

I know this doesn't address your initial question directly but at least consider the fact that compromised joints may decrease the available SCC and affect your coordination scheme. Please us know your results.

__________________
“Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.” Ben Franklin.
Register to Reply Good Answer (Score 4)
Active Contributor

Join Date: Jun 2013
Posts: 10
#2
In reply to #1

Re: Autorecloser Instantaneous Based On Line Splice Rating / Conductor Damage Curve?

07/24/2013 1:26 PM

Thank you so much for your answer, RAMConsult. What you say makes sense. I was wondering is there a formula that can be used to work out the longitudinal force on the conductor using the current flowing through the conductor to a fair degree of accuracy? (Ampere's Force Law I assume). Using this, apart from annealing of the conductor joints the critical thing here would be preventing the crimp from completely coming apart due to tensional forces. So maybe using a formula to relate the tension on the crimp to the current through the conductor would suffice keeping in mind that the conductor is already under tension on the pole. This is getting a bit complicated but at the same time interesting.

Register to Reply
Active Contributor

Join Date: Jun 2013
Posts: 10
#3
In reply to #1

Re: Autorecloser Instantaneous Based On Line Splice Rating / Conductor Damage Curve?

07/24/2013 3:00 PM

Now that I think about it, mechanical stress due to forces would not be an issue here as this would require a very high fault current, higher than what is set at the station relay. The real issue is what you described in scenario 2 with the repeated cycling causing annealing of the conductor under the joints. when components have high resistance at normal load current, we typically refer to this as a "hotspot" when we do thermographic scans. Priority 1 hotspots are classified as when components have a delta temperature of 40 degrees celcius (104 degrees farenheit) and above compared to ambient at normal load current.

Annealing could cause permanent increase in the crimp resistance.

Register to Reply
Guru
Engineering Fields - Power Engineering - New Member

Join Date: May 2007
Location: NYC metropolitan area.
Posts: 3230
Good Answers: 444
#4
In reply to #3

Re: Autorecloser Instantaneous Based On Line Splice Rating / Conductor Damage Curve?

07/24/2013 6:35 PM

You're probably right, I'm used to higher current stuff, that extra zero increases the force 100 times. I did find this paper on the heating effects on the integrity of those line splices. Enjoy!

__________________
“Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.” Ben Franklin.
Register to Reply
Register to Reply 4 comments

Good Answers:

These comments received enough positive votes to make them "good answers".

Previous in Forum: Explosion Proof Motor   Next in Forum: CT Protection Classes

Advertisement