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The more we save, the more we have available. And one step further…
the more we have available, the more we waste.
Energy efficiency has dramatically increased with the
continual improvement of technology and industry. These advances allow goods
and services to be produced in less time, use fewer resources and waste less
material. But as these efficiencies continue to go up, so does consumption.
In fact, simply looking back a few years or comparing modern
developed countries to less developed ones will show that people waste more in more
technologically efficient societies.
The Attitude of
Availability
Prices, which set values on commodities, are what regulate
consumption. The costs that drive manufacturers to increase efficiency are the
same costs that drive people to consume more or less of a product. In other
words, people consume more of the things which cost less, and the things which
cost less (typically) are also more available.
Such is the case with electricity. A study done by the Journal of Physics on the energy-economics of
solid-state lighting (i.e. LEDs, pictured left) shows that the
world spends about 0.72% of its GDP on lighting electricity. This was the case
in the UK in 1700, it is the case for the present undeveloped world not on grid
electricity, and is the case for the developed world today using the most
advanced lighting technologies.
What this means is that there is a direct relationship
between the availability and use of electricity. While part of this could be
related to population increases over time and with development, the
relationship is seen in other areas as well.

In the U.S., Americans waste around 25% of produced edible
food. A study done by
the CIEEP and the University of Texas at Austin indicates that about 2030 ±
160 trillion BTUs of energy were embedded in wasted food in 2007 in the U.S.,
enough energy to run the entire country for about a week. It is not a far
stretch to consider that at least a part of this food waste is due to the
effects of availability and convenience.
Worries About Waste?
By bringing up these correlations, I'm not trying to
advocate an agenda of (thoroughly un-American) thrifty, sacrificial practices
in order to save the planet, divert the energy crisis, or achieve energy
independence. There are plenty of myths
associated with energy efficiency that have already done the job well. 
But the trends relating efficiency and consumption should
not be completely forsaken. They indicate that steady advancements in existing
technologies will be accompanied by steady increases in usage and waste. This
means that emissions reduction and resource conservation associated with lower
energy usage will be harder to achieve.
Some look to the saving grace of future technological
breakthroughs in nuclear power (fission or fusion), geothermal, or space-based
solar to keep up with consumption in the distant future. Another solution
would be to restructure our waste streams to mainly feed biofuel and syngas
production. But aside from technology, even seemingly insignificant changes in
our attitude towards consumer usage and waste can make a noticeable impact when applied
on a global scale.
I witnessed an incredible amount of waste in my college
years, both of food and utilities, which my fellow students justified solely
because it cost them nothing. For some reason, that mindset did not sit well
with me. Regardless of whether the wasted energy was available and paid for, I
believe there is merit to a more economical attitude towards energy usage, particularly
unnecessary waste that does not impact my quality of life.
Sources:
ACS Publications
IOP Science - Journal
of Physics
Popular
Mechanics
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