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Connecting P1 and P2 NC Motor Thermostats to Drive

03/19/2015 9:13 PM

Hi,

I just bought a 3/4hp Leeson 3 phase motor and a Leeson SM4 drive. The motor has P1 and P2 leads that relate to overheat protection. Does anyone know if/how it is possible to connect these directly to the VFD to provide this overheat protection?

(I am going to get an electrician to do the wiring but I want to make sure I understand it before it gets done and I imagine that this must be fairly common thing across different brands of motors/drives)

Many thanks

Drive manual:

http://www.leeson.com/Manuals/SM2-SM4_071913.pdf

Motor manual:

http://www.leeson.com/TechnicalInformation/pdf/manual_induction_motors.pdf

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#1

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/19/2015 9:47 PM

This is rare, someone asking a question and supplying the appropriate manuals which answer the question quite nicely.

Refer page 4 of your motor manual and page 16 of the drive manual (with pictures and an explanation on how to do it too).

I would give you a GA, but the answer's right there, the electrician can take it from there, i'll just take the GA.

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#2

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/19/2015 9:49 PM

the answer is on the 4th page of your manual 3A

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#3

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/19/2015 10:33 PM

Actually, the answer is not that simple (to me anyway).

1) MUST you wire those thermal protector devices into the VFD? No, it is not REQUIRED. That drive has a built-in UL listed motor thermal overload protection scheme in it. So all by itself, WITHOUT the external sensors, it is legal to use here in North America (assuming that is where you are, based on your using Leeson).

2) SHOULD you wire them in? That depends, there are risks and rewards involved and you need to think about them.

Risks:

The VFD does NOT have a separate dedicated and isolated "Thermistor Input", as is typically used for such things. More expensive drives do it this way, as outlined below under "Rewards". So if you want to use this concept, it will add a significant increased risk of failure because of how they have set up the possibility. For you to use the switches in P1-P2 as-is, you would need to either interrupt the Start-Stop circuit as they said to in the MOTOR manual, or program one of the other Digital Inputs of the VFD to accept the circuit as an "External Fault" by programming it to a value of "21" (External Fault). But... in both cases the problem is that this drive uses 24VDC, supplied BY the VFD terminal strip, for all of the controls. So to use it as the motor manual says, you would come off of Terminal 4 in the VFD with +24VDC, run that wire to P1, which goes all the way back to the motor, then returns again as P2, which you would THEN wire to the Stop button, or in series with the Run command. By the time that little 24VDC circuit makes it all the way out and back, the wire circuit resistance will likely make it unreliable, plus it will pick up a LOT of electrical noise both ways, requiring that the wiring be done with shielded twisted pair signal cable with the shield drain wire grounded only at one end. Then what happens with this is that if the motor over heats, the VFD will shut down, and you will have no idea why, because there is no "fault" as far as the VFD is concerned, there is just "no run". So you CAN instead wire P1-P2 to a DIFFERENT input, assuming you are not using it for something else. Terminal 4 still has to be the source of 24VDC to P1 (plus the Start circuit in parallel), but P2 would come back to that Digital Input, which you have set to a value of 21 in programming. That way if the P1-P2 circuit opens, you will get a fault display that says "F. EF", meaning "Fault; External Fault". it still runs the same risk of unreliability due to voltage drop, plus the risk of introducing electrical noise right into the control board of the VFD.

Rewards:

That VFD overload protection system, although UL listed, is lacking a key feature in that it can be reset by simply cycling power to the VFD, in other words is can be made to FORGET that the motor has just overloaded and is ALREADY hot. So someone might be tempted to "git 'er done" after an overload trip by turning off the power and turning it back on into a hot motor, which allows it to burn up. Using the thermal protectors makes that risk go away because if they do it, the thermal devices open up and prevent them from re-starting.

They also are a good idea if you are planning on running the motor at low speed for extended periods of time. Nothing you linked to on that motor indicates whether or not it is an "Inverter Duty" design, but I think not, because that is the generic manual they supply for all of the cheaper motor products. So without it being designed to be used on a VFD, it will get hotter than it should. The thermal devices will help extend the motor life for you.

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#7
In reply to #3

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/21/2015 12:14 AM

I agree with all of what you have said, I'd just like to add that with the motors we used to use Baldor sent us with the P1, P2 thermal wires that are really meant to be wired in a 3 wire hold in circuit. Being we use a DC to AC 3 Phase inverter we don't use them and just cut them off. We have Baldor now supplying our motors with KTY thermistors and these are now wired into our controller to actually perform a controlled cut back if the temp gets to the threshold. For what ever reason Baldor continues to ship us motors with the P1, P2 switch. Go figure. I have been looking for other MFG's. Baldor are not the easiest company to work with on changes. Anyone have some ideas on American Made 3 phase inverter duty motors from 3 - 50 HP in voltages of 36, 48, 72, 96, 108 and 144DC input. Marine environment.

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#8
In reply to #3

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/21/2015 11:49 AM

Interesting! Jeaf you are one of the gentlemen here who try to perculate the knowledge without being any lazy!Thank you.

Now please answer my queries & I apologise for being so ignorant.

1.)Why the sreens are earthed at one end only.It is done for preveting the circlating current as being done in single core power cables?Please elaborate.

2)This is what we found finally with resepct to to my thread http://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/99990#newcomments . I understood now that we can wire it so that the drive will log it.

3.)How a non-inveter duty motor get overheated on a drive.

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#9
In reply to #8

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/22/2015 11:17 PM

giri,

1. correct. in the USA these are often called "ground loops".

3. I know of two characteristics in the construction of motors that are important for "inverter duty"; JRaef may know others: First, the winding insulation is usually rated for a higher temperature because the motors are frequently run at lower speeds where any external cooling is usually significantly reduced. Second, the winding insulation is designed for the significantly higher voltages that the "carrier frequency" of the inverter's output creates when it reflects off the impedance mismatch between the motor leads and the windings (this reflection in radio terms doubles the voltage at that point).

--JMM

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#10
In reply to #9

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/23/2015 4:28 PM

Thank you JMM.I will clarify myself for the point no.3 :)

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#4

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/19/2015 10:38 PM

As they are simply a set/series of dry n/c contacts, you can insert them anywhere in the upstream control circuit (if there is one) that will disconnect the motor when any of them open, paying particular attention to the possibility of auto restarting. Connecting them to the VFD itself may be more problematic as many of them don't provide for this function.

The VFD will likely incorporate its own programmable motor overheat protection which is a function of current and set speed, so the motor ones can be omitted if desired. It will probably also include programming for auto or manual restart on fault clearance.

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#5

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/19/2015 11:31 PM

Many thanks JRaef for the detailed explanation. I am not using the input terminals on the drive for anything else, so I think I will probably get P1 connected to 4 and P2 connected to 13A and set 13A to 21 External Fault.

Just to improve my understanding further (apologies, I don't know much about this). How do you know that it is 24VDC from terminal 4? (on pg 16 of the manual it says that terminal 4 is Digital Reference/Common +15 VDC/0 VDC, depending on assertion level) and also how do you know that this 24 VDC signal is appropriate to go into digital input 13A?

The motor is an inverter duty motor but I will often be running at low speeds. The motor itself didn't come with a manual, but in the cable box it had a picture of the overheat protective device just like on pg 4 of the general manual from the web, so I thought I would put a link to the general manual to show what they say. I was interested in hooking it up through the terminals of the drive so it showed a fault on the drive, but I hadn't been sure how to do it, until you explained it.

Thanks again

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#6

Re: Connecting P1 and P2 NC motor thermostats to Drive

03/20/2015 3:54 AM

Yes. The motor manufacturer and the drive manufacturer both do. If the answer is not in the manuals, a couple of phone calls will yield the answer for you.

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