Transciever is made up of two words from the old days of radio, Transmitter and Receiver. A transciever will receive signals and transmit signals or radio waves/light waves. A transponder only transmits a signal that may be timed, intermittent, or constant. The signal usually is just a tone, but may include voice.
A transponder would typically only automatically respond to a signal inquiring of it's presence or data. One possible example would be to identify a "friendly" entity in a combat scenario in order to avoid "friendly fire". A transponder is a transceiver but a transceiver is not necessarily a transponder.
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