Scientists have found a neutron star that spins at 716 hz and is estimated to have a diameter of 16 km.
Most neutron stars -- extremely dense stars that are heavier than the Sun, even though they measure just tens of kilometers across -- rotate slower than a few times a second. However, neutron stars in binary systems can spin several hundreds of times a second because their companion stars transfer angular momentum to them. Some of these neutron stars, called millisecond pulsars, emit radio waves at periods modulated by the star's rotation speed.
I did a quick calculation and that means that the outside of the star travels at about an eighth of the speed of light (.12c). I wonder if there are any interesting relativistic effects due to such a high spin.