Gear box might be transmitting a load (either RPM or torque) that is above its capactity.
Gear box is in a hot environment and needs supplemental cooling.
Debris in the gear box is causing excess wear and friction.
Gears and/or bearings are out of alignment.
If some one is recommending adding heat to the gear box:
Oil that is too cold is like molasses and creates added load on the driver.
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There are a dozens of reason for a gear box to increase its temperature on its own. If it can't dissapate the heat it will cook. However in some cases it is necessary to regulate the oil temp up or down. In very high speed gearboxs both a oil heater and cooler are used to keep the tranny at the optimum temp.
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One could increase the gearbox temperature to reduce the viscosity of the oil, possibly leading to less internal friction at a risk of increased wear. Changing the oil for a different, lower viscosity grade would achieve the same performance without external influences on the temperature.
Ordinarily, gearboxes will increase in temperature on their own while in operation, because of the mechanical losses that happen within the box.
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