A New Kind of Supernova

It seems the outcome of a collapsing star depends not only on mass but possibly on the composition of the star as well...What would explain time of collapse, thus determining outcome, gravitational forces? Composition placement of different matter? Why would one star accumulate more mass than another before collapsing?

Symmetry Shear

This is an interesting image because it portrays what I call the symmetry shear of the popular version of a black hole. The accretion disk and the jet have cylindrical symmetry and the black hole event horizon at the center is portrayed as having spherical symmetry. There would need to be a really fierce transformation at the approach to the event horizon for all of that to be true. It does strike me that spaghettification is likely to ultimately rip apart atoms and then nuclei, and then protons and neutrons, and quarks... leading to mass annihilation(via E=mc²). It still seems unlikely that rotational inertia around a torus and around the cross section of a torus of mass will at any point somehow evaporate. Or even that curved space can somehow go from toroidal to spherical. This means that many black holes are not spherically symmetric but, instead, toroidal in shape. I heard that Hawking espoused this shape at some point in his career but eventually abandoned it. Is that true ? How can anyone justify the symmetry shear ?

As an explanation of jets, an atom(some amount of mass) may get annihilated even just passing through the center of a black hole and the energy might escape(never having made it to the event horizon to get captured) in the two escaping jets of energy. Toroidal black holes also sidestep the mathematical singularity problem at the center of a spherical black hole.

Low rotational inertia might also explain red giants "blinking out" rather than becoming supernovae. With low rotational inertia the "symmetry shear" may allow collapse directly into a spherically symmetric black hole with no jets or other emissions.

Binary star systems OTOH approximate a mass torus with significant rotational inertia. It seems unlikely that they could somehow become spherically symmetric above some level of rotational inertia/toroidal space warp geometry.

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thewildotter

Space/time is being twisted more and more dramatically as you near the even horizon, so our view would not be in our time but in some alternate view, who knows how that distorts reality...What you are saying could be the case but we may or may not ever be able to observe it....Could you sketch it out for contemplation?

Cylindrical Coordinates

Well, I do not feel up to the task of sketching a toroidal shell resenting a 3D gravitational well. Just for orientation, here is a labelled cylindrical coordinate system from wikipedia and a circle (shown as an ellipse for perspective) on your picture that I like at a z of zero. It lies, of course, in the plane of the accretion disk. My suggestion is that the spherical shell for systems with significant rotational inertia(like your picture) is a ridiculous object to place at the center and a toroidal shell with its cross section extending out symmetrically from an equatorial ring(rho, phi) inscribed or circumscribed by the illustrated black sphere at z=0 makes vastly more sense.

I thought of replacing your black ball with the picture of a chocolate covered doughnut but I did not have one handy. That dark halo around the spherical black ball almost fits the bill if you imagine that the black sphere feature is gone. It might also be helpful to imagine the jet as passing all the way through the doughnut hole and probably being a bit more spectacular(gamma burster?) near the center of the hole where annihilation of any appropriately aligned matter may be going on and its radiation is not being captured by space curvature. Of course, you may only be able to see such a thing by looking down the barrel and you will likely only get to do that once. Look fast !

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thewildotter

Yeah. The first one still has the black sphere at the center and I think that is fantasy but overall it has the look of a simulation which is interesting. The labelled diagram is a cross section of nearly exactly what I had in mind in this discussion. I really love the third one because it looks like a great photorealistic example of one with a very credible jet. It looks like one a high dollar scifi movie would use and explain as a part of a plot. And the last one looks like a real supernova explosion result photo from Hubble or something.

I am assuming that you found all of these instead of creating them so I guess I must not be too far off from some real stuff or at least some similar theoretical thinking. Although, I am not really sure that you would take longer to gen up some really high quality images like these from scratch these are so lifelike that you probably got them from NASA or some other high quality external source. Regardless, you have come through once again(GA) with pertinent images.

Thanks,

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thewildotter

I thought you were going to say "Holy Cow".

...except it didn't actually happen in 2018; nearer -199,997,982, actually.