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Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/05/2021 1:43 PM

Hello all,

As I understand, reversible swelling (volumetric expansion) occurs in the lithium ion cells during the charging cycle. Since the prismatic and cylindrical cells are packed inside the aluminum casing, will the swelling cause any deformation on the casings?

If so, is there any number available?

Thank you

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#1

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/05/2021 2:38 PM

If the battery is charged properly, the case shouldn't swell. Swelling indicates poor quality cells, damaged cells, cells subjected to overheating, or overdischarged. The charger used should be the one designed for the cell.

"Common causes of battery swelling include:

  1. Overcharge conditions which accelerate parasitic reactions between the electrodes and electrolyte, with release of heat and gases.
  2. Poor cell quality and design with low anode to cathode stoichiometric ratios, particulate contamination
  3. Mechanical damage to electrodes induced either during cell assembly or from the product application
  4. Excessive temperatures (Do not leave your cell phone inside your car)
  5. Deep discharge of cells"

https://www.dfrsolutions.com/blog/why-do-lithium-ion-batteries-swell#:~:text=Common%20causes%20of%20battery%20swelling,cathode%20stoichiometric%20ratios%2C%20particulate%20contamination

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#3
In reply to #1

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/06/2021 8:03 AM

There must be yet another reason because All my PowerBanks inflated while still in the box brand new to the point of dismounting the hinges of the plastic box their are in . Never used, never charged and never discharged, I just opened the boxes for inspection.

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#4
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/06/2021 10:19 AM

Ok, that is some dangerous s*** there bro. Get the Manufacturer on the phone. That they didnt catch fire during transit is impressive. Those are badly damaged. Whatever you do don't try to charge them. The manufacturer may not be aware the cells they use did this.

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#14
In reply to #4

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/07/2021 4:46 PM

I have about 50 units All are like that, brand new in the box All inflated All have Solar Panels now the weirdest: they All read 4 volts.

I think that they forgot to install a breather on second membrane.

Those are really nice units with double Lithium Polymer Cells in Parallel Super LED Light etc. really nice.

Your thoughts

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#15
In reply to #14

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/07/2021 6:15 PM

I would imagine they are great when sound. They are probably great right now. The problem will develop in time. If my experience with Murphys law is any indication the problem will develop approximately 5 minutes after the warranty expires.

I am very leary of any lithium cell thats "bulged" and would probably want them replaced personally.

I would definitely want a written assurance that this is "normal" and will still be covered under warranty even with the obviously damaged case. (hope weather proof wasn't a criteria)

I probably would not install them any place where fire or flame could be a problem.

That's the whole of my thoughts. Good luck!

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#18
In reply to #15

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/18/2021 4:20 AM

Great advice. Could be a dangerous situation. And get the manufacturer to put it in writing (that the battery is safe).

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#6
In reply to #3

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/06/2021 1:31 PM

You need a battery bag for that, a containment vessel...

Cheap protection...

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#2

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/05/2021 2:50 PM

..."What causes a LiPo battery to swell?

To understand why a LiPo battery (or any other battery, for that matter) swells, we need to understand how its individual components interact to make the battery work. All batteries are made with three basic components: a negative end, a positive end, and an electrolyte solution. Batteries conduct electricity via the migration of ions from the positive end to the negative end and vice-versa. These ions can travel through the electrolyte solution.

LiPo batteries are distinct from the old-fashioned lithium-ion batteries due to their use of a solid polymer electrolyte. Through this solid electrolyte, lithium ions can move between the two terminals of a LiPo battery. A LiPo battery also has polymer separator that keeps the positive and negative terminals from coming into contact with each other.

Batteries swell because of the phenomenon of electrolyte decomposition. As its name implies, this is the process where the electrolyte solution decomposes into its individual components. In most cases, these components include oxygen. In the case of LiPo batteries, the polymeric nature of the electrolyte means that they also tend to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) when they decompose. The production of these gases is what causes a LiPo battery to expand and swell.

There have been a lot of instances of LiPo batteries catching fire while they are plugged in. The chances of a LiPo battery charging fire is even higher once electrolytic decomposition has kicked in, as the oxygen-rich gases are very flammable, A good practice to follow is once your LiPo battery has indicated that the battery is full, disconnect the battery and switch the charger off at the wall, and never leave the battery connected to the charger unattended.

One thing to remember about battery swelling is that it cannot be avoided. Electrolyte decomposition is a naturally occurring process, albeit it should be a slow one. However, improper maintenance of the battery can accelerate the decomposition process.

What should I do with a swollen LiPo battery?

The first thing you should know is that a swollen LiPo battery is a lost cause. You cannot fix it, and you should look for a replacement battery as soon as possible. Once you have decided to stop using your swollen LiPo battery, you should dispose of it properly. "....

https://dwaaoz.com.au/why-do-lipo-batteries-swell-up/

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#19
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/18/2021 4:22 AM

Thanks for the explanation and recommendation!

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#5

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/06/2021 10:29 AM

One of the fun quirks of a Tesla Model 3 (assume it occurs on the Y as well since it uses the same pack) is the battery "thump" during supercharging. Even though the Tesla batteries have active temperature control the act of supercharging causes heat in the pack. If the pack is not up to optimal charging temperature the heat build up occurs quickly. The "thump" it the actual casing of the pack reacting to the heating not the cells themselves swelling.

Just one of the many aspects of electric cars that were unknown prior to ten year ago. Simply because the technology didn't exist. As I have said before, this is going to be an interesting time for engineers and developers. The rule book has been shredded. Cars don't even have to look like they do now. We have opened up a whole new world of design possibilities. The technical aspects are likewise going to see quantum leaps as more money is poured into the problem by the Big companies.

Tesla simply kickstarted the process. Now that momentum is building its going to be an exciting time in transportation for the next decade or so.

Can't wait to see the Cadillac Lyric in person.

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#7
In reply to #5

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/06/2021 4:04 PM

Yes some of the new EV's are really beautiful, but the prices are outrageous, it seems we have skipped over the whole cheap reliable transportation phase, and gone straight to unaffordable limited use poser car....

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#8
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/06/2021 4:54 PM

Agree. The new Mecedes EQS is a techno pop palace inside. 2022 Mercedes-Benz EQS: What We Know So Far (caranddriver.com)

Very specific market. We oldsters forget how much the world has grown. There is actually enough filthy rich people to build an entire economy on which none of US will EVER participate in. Now that is disgustingly sick, but it is what we allowed it to become.

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#9
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/06/2021 5:22 PM

Now we need handicapped electric parking.....pretty soon there won't be any parking spaces left for your average guy...

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#10
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/07/2021 11:39 AM

Is it just my perspective or are the charging spots closer to the building than the handicapped spaces?

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#11
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/07/2021 12:16 PM

In the picture it might appear that way but usually not. Tesla Super Chargers are in remote areas of the parking lot due to the electric infrastructure. Low voltage Lv2 AC chargers are often closer to buildings as they run off standard service power.

It really depends on the company.

In Madison Wi. which is not usually reflective of the majority of America, the HyVee grocery store put in a single two plug charging stand and those spaces ARE closer to the front door than the handicapped spots. The Handicapped spots ARE closer to the building. Its all in how you interpret the regulation coupled with how picky your regulators are.

Meanwhile, way out on the fringe of the parking lot stand 8 Tesla Super Chargers.

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#13
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/07/2021 2:40 PM

This is actually more the norm from what Ive seen though.

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#12
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/07/2021 12:53 PM

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#16
In reply to #9

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/07/2021 6:47 PM

Evidently if you have an EV you can park in a handicapped zone if there is a charger present...

Then you have your Tesla only parking...

...and they wonder why people use these spaces....

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#17
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/10/2021 10:19 AM

I'll be the very first to admit the ADA was a typical Amercan kneejerk overreaction.

Most businesses will get more EV drivers than handicapped so I guess it makes sense.

or

are they implying we EV drivers are....Handicapped?

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#21
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/18/2021 4:27 AM

The Audi E-Tron is a gorgeous car. Personally, I think it looks better than the Porsche Taycan. The price is for people with medium six to seven figures.

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#22
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/18/2021 4:40 AM

My Hyundai guy has a few left over 2020 Hyundai Ionic EVs. We're getting ready to end production on 2021's and soon the 2022's will be arriving.

The demand for lower priced EV's isn't that strong here in California. Since there are left over 2020's still sitting around, it shows that there aren't enough takers. However, if you want a Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Tundra, Ford F150, F250, F350, Chevy Silverado or GMC Sierra pick up truck, good luck trying to find a 2021 out there!

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#20
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/18/2021 4:23 AM

Did your Tesla make the "thump" when new? And has it become worse with age/charging cycles?

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#23
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/18/2021 1:19 PM

Yep, The thump is standard equipment. If the battery is preconditioned it doesn't happen. I assume the expansion already occured at a more leisurely pace so no thump.

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#24
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/19/2021 6:49 PM

If you charge at home with 220, do you get the thump? Or is it only with the supercharger?

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#25
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/20/2021 9:59 AM

Only when using Fast chargers. The lv2 has to be converted to DC so the heating ends up in the converter and not the battery. Only DC fast chargers can pump enough directly into the pack to cause the thermal expansion to happen fast enough for the thump.

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#26
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Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

05/20/2021 11:00 PM

Makes sense. Not fast enough expansion to cause the thump.

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#27

Re: Lithium Ion Battery Swelling

07/05/2024 3:20 AM

Now, if you're looking for an alternative, you might want to check out a li polymer battery pack. They're more flexible and can sometimes handle the stress better. Plus, they tend to have a lower risk of swelling compared to their lithium-ion cousins. Just make sure to treat them right, like avoiding extreme temperatures and not squishing them too much.In the end, it's all about battery care. Keep an eye on how you charge, avoid extreme conditions, and maybe give li polymer battery packs a look. They might just be the upgrade you need. Cheers!

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