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omkar_991
Associate

Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 25

Audio Watermarking---HELP Needed?

03/18/2008 11:57 AM

I am doing my final year electrical engineering project on watermarking of audio signals. I have gone through many technical papers related to this project. However I am unable to understand exactly how watermarking is implemented. I have tried some implementations like phase encoding, LSB data hiding, DCT coding using software called MATLAB 7.

I would like to know how a signal is watermarked in industry, like a sound company watermarking it's latest music release.

Can anyone help me?
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Anonymous Poster
#1

Re: Audio Watermarking---HELP Needed?

03/19/2008 3:22 PM

I feel certain you may have visited these sites in your research – however, they do explain

'how it works' so maybe you haven't seen all of them.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=535015

https://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS264US265&q=watermarking+audio+signals

Others:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_watermarking

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/04/010427071702.htm
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Anonymous Poster
#2

Re: Audio Watermarking---HELP Needed?

03/19/2008 3:29 PM

Also:

Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Wavelet Packet and Psychoacoustic Model
Wang Rang-Ding; Xu Da-Wen; Li Qian
Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, 2005. PDCAT 2005. Sixth International Conference on
Volume , Issue , 05-08 Dec. 2005 Page(s): 812 - 814
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/PDCAT.2005.94
Summary: An audio watermarking scheme based on wavelet packet and psychoacoustic model is presented. Wavelet packet is a very good tool to analysis the audio signal which is non-stationary. The algorithm has better imperceptibility by using masking effect in human auditory system. The masking threshold can be computed in wavelet domain. Thus the computational complexity is reduced greatly, because it doesn't like MPEG algorithm which should perform FFT. The watermark can be blind extracted by using linear predictive coding. Experimental results show that the watermark is imperceptible and the algorithm is robust to many attacks, such as mp3 compression, noise addition, requantization, low pass filtering, D/A -A/D and so on.

Digital watermarks for audio signal based on psychoacoustic masking model
Akira Nakayama, Jinlin Lu, Satoshi Nakamura, Kiyohiro Shikano
Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0101 Japan

Keywords

digital watermark • audio signal • psychoacoustic model • masking • MPEG

Abstract

This paper describes one digital watermarking method for audio signals using the MPEG psychoacoustic model. It is important that a digital watermark be perceptually inaudible to the human auditory system. One watermark algorithm that takes this into account is the digital watermark algorithm using the MPEG psychoacoustic model proposed by Boney and colleagues. However, this method has several drawbacks such as it is susceptible to MPEG encoding and there is no synchronized detection measure. As a result, several improvements were made to increase the robustness of the digital watermark to MPEG encoding, and information from psychoacoustic tests was also used to introduce successive masking. These improvements enabled a watermark to be implemented that is even robust to MPEG encoding. To ensure robustness to D-A/A-D conversions or cropping attacks, a whitened cross-correlation method (cross-power spectrum phase) was used to implement synchronized detection. This enabled a watermark that is robust to D-A/A-D conversions to be implemented. This watermark was also shown to be robust to attacks such as noise addition, filtering, and downsampling. In addition, this paper shows the results of subjective evaluation experiments, which indicate that there is little quality deterioration due to watermarking. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(12): 65-75, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (

www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10143

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