The term "gear motor" usually refers to the fact that the motor output shaft is not direct from the armature but has some gearing applied to it first.
This gearing can be either up or down and is often done to alter the power characteristics of the motor or to bring the speed in line with the application.
The motors used in gear motors are still the same as any other motor you could find so you can still have AC, DC or brushless motors of all kinds. You can still use the same motor speed controllers as well as to give the gear motor a speed range to match the requirements you have.
Just google or wiki the term and you will find many different entries to give you more info.