Help with amplifiers

Help with amplifiers? Are you sure it is not help with your school work?

Electrical- Transistors, Vacuum tubes, transformers, relays

Pneumatic and hydraulic - control valves,

Sounds like a direct quote from a homework question. I suggest you look in your textbook for the correct answer. Conversely try wikipedia.

You have already answered you own question. All you need to find out for yourself is how an electric amplifier and pneumatic and hydraulic systems work to achieve this.

Good question. A small electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic input is used to produce, respectively, a larger electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic output...if I understand the assignment.

UG

Google MOOG for hydraulic amplifiers

The following rule applies to pneumatic and hydraulic systems:The pressure in a closed system is the same in the entire system.If you apply 10 pounds per square inch to a 1 square inch diameter piston,you will produce 10 pounds of lift(disregarding friction).Apply this same pressure to a 100 square inch piston, and you will produce 1000 pounds of lift.Very simple:Area times pressure equals total force.A car lift may only have 80 psi but it is applied to a 12 inch diameter piston, producing much greater lift than 80 pounds. A small piston on a hydraulic jack has a very small area, and displaces very little fluid with each stroke.The large load piston moves very slowly in comparison to the jack handle.You can get a rough estimate of the mechanical advantage(amplification) by measuring the stroke, in inches total travel of the handle, and counting how many strokes it takes to move the load cylinder one inch.