I am looking for safe, practical solutions for designing a ground grid for a substation in cold Northern, rocky terrain. There are a number of substations that have been installed in the Northern Canadian shield and I would like to know what some others have done in this type of environment for installing a low resistance ground electrode. Because these areas are usually very cold in the winter we also have to be concerned with seasonal variations and frost depths of more than a meter.
We are looking at areas to place a remote grid however I'm wondering if anyone has experience installing a ground well with conductive cement in rock. I don't suppose a horizontal trench would work since it would be subject to freezing and would have to be drilled deep into the rock where freezing would be less.
Any ideas or past experiences?