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O-Ring Compression Force

05/20/2008 10:43 PM

Does anyone have an equation I can use to calculate the force per length of a given compression of an o-ring? For instance, I'd like to know how much force it takes to compress a .070" o-ring .010" along a 6" length. I am certain the equation involves a natural logarithm, but I don't know the equation. Parker gives a very general chart with ranges of compression force, but that is not very useful for calculating things. I need an equation.

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#1

Re: O-Ring Compression force

05/21/2008 7:18 AM

In fact using the Parker chart you can obtain an equation and use it with very good results as I did many years ago because I wanted to determine the friction of O-rings in a special piston-cylinder couple.

Why do you think it must have a e-log? In fact in a simplified model it has one.

It is also possible to make a few assumptions and consider the compression of a circular profile between 2 plates and integrate the force versus deformation. Since usually the ratio d/D is very small in is not necessary to consider the ring as a torus.

This is the kind of curves you obtain based on the analysis of Parker's data.

You can also and it is more accurate use a FEA for big deformations, introduce the Young Modulus of rubber considering the Shore Hardness value, the Poisson Coefficient 0.5 since rubber does not change its volume and make a run for the deformation you want. Take care of the fact that too big deformation at assembly lead to a permanent set and a loss of sealing.

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#2

Re: O-Ring Compression force

05/21/2008 10:59 AM

I appreciate the response, but doing an FEA run to get results is like using a sledgehammer to put a tack in corkboard. All I need is a simple equation that lets me plug in material and size coefficients that will give me a force/length number. Something I can put in a spreadsheet that will let me play with different numbers and give me instantaneous results. You seem to be familiar with the equations. I haven't had Mechanics of Materials and don't quite know the right equation to use. Could you share the equation you're using or point me to a source for it?

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#3
In reply to #2

Re: O-Ring Compression force

05/21/2008 1:50 PM

I derived the equation from Parker's data. It is as simple as that. Today when almost everybody has a FEA soft (even I as a simple expert/consultant am equiped with ALGOR) it is not any more a too complex acces as before. You can derive the equation considering that the o-ring maintains its section area when deformed which gives you the width of the flat contacts with the groove walls and you replace the half circles with a traingle 2 on each side. The model is simple, not very precise but gives enough precision. I am sorry but I have nothing more than the graph the rest went lost when moving. In fact as far as I remeber the problem was to determine from available data the E value for every Shore Hardness.

With respect to the equation it is a complex problem this is the reason I used experimental data since it is a non linear section and deformations are important and the stuff is non linear so evry thing one can find to get headaches.

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#4

Re: O-Ring Compression Force

05/23/2008 3:35 AM

How about empirical? If you have access to a machine shop make a .060 groove in a block of wood, aluminum, plastic etc. Lay an O Ring in the groove set the whole thing on a bathroom type scale. Force a 1" wide flat hard object down until it compresses the O-Ring (.010) enough to make full contact. Have an associate test your compression by pulling a piece of paper out from both ends. When the paper is snug read the scale. Multiply this force by 6 for 6 inches.

If you don't have machine shop capability lay pieces of shim stock, etc in parallel stacks for a .060 depth and compress an inch long length, same as above.

O Rings of the same dimension are made of different materials with different durometers so a formula might be inaccurate.

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#5

Re: O-Ring Compression Force

08/14/2009 11:51 AM

what is the durometer of the o-ring?.....70 maybe?

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#6

Re: O-Ring Compression Force

08/17/2009 12:58 AM

You may go through following:

http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&q=parker+o+ring+calculator&meta=&aq=8&oq=Parker+O+

Besides they have design software available on their site, which is downloadable.

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